vaccinia virus

Carbenoxolone disodium (Duogastrone) salt is an agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise, the drug is low in toxicity.

Vaccinia virus capping enzyme is a transcription initiation factor that functions as a heterodimer composed of D1 (844 aa) and D12 (287 aa) polypeptides, capable of performing all three steps of m7GpppRNA synthesis. It has been widely utilized as a reagent for in vitro capping and for labeling capped RNA.

Vidarabine (Adenine Arabinoside) is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.

Olomoucine II is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 7.6, 0.1, 19.8, 0.45, and 0.06 μM for CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK7, and CDK9, respectively. Olomoucine II demonstrates high selectivity over numerous other kinases while retaining measurable activity against ERK2 and ABCB1, allowing it to modulate multidrug resistance pathways. Olomoucine II suppresses proliferation across cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status and exhibits synergistic action with daunorubicin in ABCB1-expressing HCT-8 cells.Olomoucine II additionally inhibits replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, vaccinia virus, adenovirus 4, and human CMV, making Olomoucine II an important antiviral and anticancer research tool.

Cyclic HPMPC is a potent antiviral agent that increases arterial oxygen saturation in mice infected with the lethal vaccinia virus (IHD strain) and reduces viral replication in guinea pigs, thereby improving outcomes in congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection [1] [2].

Quinoprazine, a powerful inhibitor of Vaccinia virus DNA synthesis (IC50 = 10 μM), exhibits notable antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. Additionally, it demonstrates significant antiprion potency, effectively reducing levels of PrPSc [1]-[5].

EICAR is a drug which acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. It is a nucleoside derivative which has both anti-cancer and antiviral effects, and was originally developed for the treatment of leukemia, but was unsuccessful in human clinical trials. It has broad spectrum antiviral effects with activity against vaccinia virus, Semliki forest virus, Junin virus, reovirus, influenza, measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus among others, although it is not active against SARS. This useful spectrum of activity means that EICAR and related derivatives continue to be investigated for the treatment of viral diseases.

Enrofloxacin monohydrochloride (BAY Vp 2674 monohydrochloride) is a potent antibiotic with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90) of 0.312 μg/mL against Mycoplasma bovis, and it also exhibits inhibitory activity against the vaccinia virus (VV).

5'-Ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (EdC) functions as a nucleoside analog effectively inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) KOS strain with an ID50 of 0.2 μg/mL. Additionally, it decreases virus-induced cytopathogenic effects in PRK cells for HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus strains, demonstrating MIC values between 0.2 to 5 μg/mL. EdC acts as a thymidylate synthetase inhibitor, selectively impacting the DNA incorporation rates of [1',2'-3H]deoxyuridine compared to [CH3-3H]deoxythymidine in PRK cells with ID50s of 3 and 120 μg/mL, respectively. It further inhibits thymidine synthetase and curtails L1210 cell proliferation, a process reversible by deoxythymidine (ID50s are 4.4 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively). Also, EdC is utilized in monitoring DNA synthesis and cellular replication through click chemistry conjugation, linking its ethynyl group with the azido group of various fluorochromes.

5-Formyl-2'-deoxyuridine, an effective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and vaccinia virus, was converted to the oxime and dithiolane derivatives.

Karalicin effectively inhibits herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus type 1, with IC50 values of 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, and 0.016 μg/mL, respectively.

ssVACV-70mer sodium is a 70 bp single-stranded oligonucleotide containing a viral DNA motif derived from vaccinia virus DNA. Unlike its double-stranded counterpart, dsVACV 70mer, ssVACV-70mer sodium does not act as an IFN inducer.

dsVACV-70mer sodium is a 70 base pair double-stranded oligonucleotide that contains a viral DNA motif derived from vaccinia virus DNA. It effectively induces IFN-β through a STING-dependent mechanism.