shock

Dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutamine (hydrochloride)) is a catecholamine that acts as a β-adrenergic receptor agonist with potent positive inotropic effects.

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

Anisodamine (6-beta-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is an antagonist of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoceptor with similar affinities at the muscarinic receptor as scopolamine and atropine. Anisodamine improve the microcirculation in states of shock and can be used in studies about organophosphate poisoning.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

Methylguanidine (MG) is a guanidine compound deriving from protein catabolism. It is also a product of putrefaction. Methylguanidine is a suspected uraemic toxin that accumulates in renal failure, however it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Methyl

Ethyl gallate (gallic acid ethyl ester) obviously decreases cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, exhibits cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Ethyl gallate can inhibit the abilities of invasion of breast cancer in vitro by inhibiting the mRNA levels of MMP-9 MMP-2, phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of NF-κB and inhibits hydrogen peroxide signaling, may represent an alternative class of vasopressors for use in septic shock. Also, Ethyl gallate suppresses proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K Akt pathway, which may contribute to inhibiting their downstream targets such as NF-κB p-65, Bcl-2 Bax, and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer cells, could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.

Ac-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-L-alanine) is a substrate for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) G(S) G(O) gamma-2 subunit, Myelin basic protein, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran, Tropomyosin alpha 4 chain, HIV-1 Rev binding protein 2, Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, Thymosin beta-10, Actin-like protein 3, Alanine aminotransferase, Serine threonine protein Phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit,10 kDa heat shock protein (mitochondrial), Calmodulin and Beta-1-syntrophin.

Scopine (6,7-Epoxytropine), the metabolite of anisodine, is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist used in the therapy of acute circulatory shock.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Racanisodamine (7β-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is an anticholinergic and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute circulatory shock.

Calenduloside E (Silphioside F) exhibits hypoglycemic activities by suppressing the transfer of glucose from the stomach to the small intestine and by inhibiting glucose transport at the brush border of the small intestine in oral glucose-loaded rats.

1. Licochalcone B (LCB) inhibits the proliferation of human malignant bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and EJ) in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo in MB49 (murine bladder cancer cell line) tumor model. 2. LCB and Licochalcone D(LCD) significantly reduce

Novobiocin is an orally active and potent antibiotic.Novobiocin is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist with inhibitory effects on gyrase and Hsp90. Novobiocin has anti-positive activity and can be used to study highly resistant pneumococcal infections.

Triptolide (PG490) belongs to the tricyclic diterpenoid group of natural products and is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Triptolide exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities.

Geldanamycin, an HSP90 inhibitor (Kd: 1.2 μM), specifically disrupts glucocorticoid receptor (GR) HSP association.

10,11-Dehydrocurvularin is an antibiotic and a strong activator of the heat shock response. It inhibits the TGF-β signaling pathway and has anti-tumorous activity.

Ailanthoidol has anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits inflammatory reactions by macrophages and protects mice from endotoxin shock. It also possesses potential as a chemopreventive agent against tumor promotion. Ailanthoidol has anti-adipogenic activit

Desoxo-narchinol A exhibits protective effects against LPS-induced endotoxin shock and inflammation through p38 deactivation, it shows inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production. Desoxo-narchinol A shows cytotoxic activity against P-388 cells.

Dihydromaniwamycin E, a heat-shock metabolite, exhibits antiviral activity against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses [1].

4-epi-Withaferin A (compound 28), an analogue of Withaferin A, exhibits enhanced cytotoxicity and cytoprotective heat-shock-inducing activity (HSA), showing promise for investigating protein aggregation-associated diseases by stimulating cellular defense mechanisms [1].

Feretoside is a natural product extracted from the barks of E. ulmoides. Feretoside shows inducible activity on the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1).

Emodin 6-O-β-D-glucoside (Glucoemodin) can protect barrier integrity and inhibit HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses, which suggests a potential use as a therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Emodin 6-O-beta-D-glucoside has anti-inflammatory activities and also may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (D3G) is a water-soluble anthocyanin with antioxidant activity. D3G is capable of masking the EGCG-induced cytotoxicity and ER stress, presumably