potential duration

Flecainide is a medication used to prevent and treat abnormally fast heart rates. This includes ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias.

1. Oxypeucedanin ((+-)-Oxypeucedanin) has novel anticancer effect, mediated via induction of G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. 2. Oxypeucedanin is a kind of open-channel blocker of the hKv1.5 channel and it prolongs the APD; therefore, it is an excellent candidate as an antiarrhythmic drug for atrial fibrillation.

AZD 7009 is a novel antiarrhythmic compound that inhibits the sodium current of hNav1.5 in CHO K1 cells with an IC50 of 11 uM. AZD 7009 inhibited late sodium current in isolated rabbit atrial and ventricular myocytes, and prolonged E-4031-induced action potential duration, promoting early post-depolarization of Purkinye fibers (EADs).

Amiodarone hydrochloride is an anti-anginal agent and a class III antiarrhythmic drug that inhibits potassium channels (including wild-type hERG channels and their tail currents, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 45 nM) as well as voltage-gated sodium channels. This leads to prolonged action potential duration in ventricular and atrial myocytes, resulting in reduced heart rate and vascular resistance. It activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in fibroblasts, promoting cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Amiodarone hydrochloride is widely used in the study of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and can also be used to establish pulmonary fibrosis animal models.

Amifampridine (3,4-Diaminopyridine) is primarily used to treat rare muscle diseases. It blocks potassium channel efflux in nerve terminals, increasing action potential duration, which allows Ca2+ channels to remain open longer and enhances acetylcholine release to stimulate muscles at the end plate.

Dofetilide (UK 68789) is a sulfonamide class III antiarrhythmic agent and potassium channel blocker. Dofetilide selectively blocks cardiac ion channels of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current Ikr. This antiarrhythmic agent prolongs cardiac action potential duration and effective refractory period due to delayed repolarization without affecting conduction velocity. This results in a normal sinus rhythm. Dofetilide is used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Butoprozine exhibits various cardiac electrophysiological effects: it prolongs action potential duration, akin to the effect of amiodarone; it inhibits the plateau phase, similar to verapamil; and it reduces both amplitude and the maximum rate of depolarization.

KH176m serves as a selective inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), effectively suppressing mPGES-1 expression. It inhibits the growth of DU145-derived spheroids, but does not affect cells with low mPGES-1 expression such as LNCaP. As an antioxidant and redox modulator, KH176m demonstrates high efficacy in combating cardiac oxidative stress, with its impact varying according to the duration of ischemia. It holds potential therapeutic value in alleviating acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Uridine triphosphate (UTP) is a purine nucleotide P2U receptor agonist with potential use in lung cancer treatment. By activating P2Y2 receptors, it enhances the proliferation of human cancerous ductal epithelial cells. Additionally, UTP induces fibrotic responses in cardiac fibroblasts through P2Y2 receptor activation and prolongs the action potential duration of guinea pig papillary muscles via the P2Y2 purinergic receptor.

Quinidine methiodide is a quaternized derivative of quinidine and a classical ion channel blocker. Unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it prolongs action potential duration by exclusively blocking voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels on peripheral membranes, acting as a benchmark tool in neuromuscular and cardiovascular electrophysiology research.

BBR 2160 is a dihydropyridine derivative belonging to the group of the so-called tiampidine. BBR 2160 has calcium-antagonistic properties in cardiac tissue. Intracellular microelectrodes have been used to characterize the electrophysiological properties o

Ro 22-9194 is a class I antiarrhythmic agent. Ro 22-9194 (>=10 μM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the maximum upstroke velocity and shortening of action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricular cells.

Sematilide hydrochloride (CK-1752) is a class III antiarrhythmic. It is a selectively delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) channel blocker. It inhibits rapidly activating Ik in guinea pig atrial myocytes, resulting in the prolongation of refractoriness and action potential duration.

Ibutilide (U70226E free base) is a potent antiarrhythmic compound that extends the action potential duration. It effectively blocks the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr ) in AT-1 cells [1].

Ibutilide Fumarate (U70226E) is the fumarate salt form of ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent. Ibutilide exerts its effect by activating a slow, inward, predominately sodium current rather than by blocking outward potassium currents. This results in prolongation of atrial and ventricular action potential duration and refractory periods. Ibutilide slightly decreases the sinus rate and atrioventricular (AV) conduction and produces a dose-related prolongation of the QT interval.

Dibrospidium Free Base is a dispirotripiperazine derivative and alkylating agent with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. The duration of DNA synthesis inhibition in tumor cells was found to correlate with spirobromine antitumor activity. Spirobromin is superior to prospidin by the power of the anti-inflammatory effect. Spyrobromin can diminish the latent period of the development of tumours in the experimental rats at intraperitoneal administration. At intragastric administration of the drug no decrease was noted in the latent period and no increase of tumours was observed in the experimental groups of the animals as compared with control. Dibrospidium has been examined for the treatment of bone cancer. The oral route of administration is the most safe with respect to the oncogenic risk. It was noted that spirobromin exerted the most pronounced toxic action on erythrocytes. Dibrospidium is used for the treatment of acute leukemias (mainly in combinatio......

Iso-Fludelone is the third-generation epothilone B analogue with potential anti-mitotic and antineoplastic activites. Iso-fludelone binds to tubulin and induces microtubule polymerization and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization, which may result in the inhibition of cell division, the induction of G2/M arrest, and apoptosis. Compared to other generations of epothilones, iso-fludelone exhibits increased stability, water solubility, potency, duration of action, tumor penetration as well as reduced toxicity. In addition, this agent is a not a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance pump often overexpressed in cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).

Carsatrin succinate is the salt form of Carsatin, a purinylpiperazine derivative used as a cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic. Carsatrin acts as positive inotropic agent that increases twitch tension and prolongs the action potential (AP) duration of ventricular muscle without affecting the Na+, K+-ATPase, adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase isozymes, or cardiac myofilaments. Carsatrin's positive inotropic effect can be prevented by tetrodotoxin but not by the adrenergic antagonists timolol, yohimbine, or prazosin.

Carsatrin is purinylpiperazine derivative. as cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic. Carsatrin acts as positive inotropic agent that increases twitch tension and prolongs the action potential (AP) duration of ventricular muscle without affecting the Na+, K+-ATPase, adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase isozymes, or cardiac myofilaments. Carsatrin's positive inotropic effect can be prevented by tetrodotoxin but not by the adrenergic antagonists timolol, yohimbine, or prazosin

E-4031 dihydrochloride is a methanesulfonanilide class III antiarrhythmic agent that prolongs cardiac action potential duration by blocking ERG K+ channels (IC50 = 29 nM)

PDC31 (THG113.31; ILGHXDYK) is a D-amino acid-based oligopeptide that acts as an allosteric and non-competitive inhibitor of the FP Prostaglandin Receptor, used primarily as a smooth muscle contractile agent. It effectively reduces the strength and duration of uterine contractions in vivo, offering potential for preterm labor and primary dysmenorrhea (PD) research. Additionally, PDC31 enhances the Ca2+-dependent large-conductance K+-channel in human myometrial cells [1] [2].

Moricizine-D8 Hydrochloride is a deuterated isotope compound of Moricizine Hydrochloride. Moricizine Hydrochloride is a Class Ic sodium channel blocker. Moricizine Hydrochloride selectively blocks sodium channels in cardiac muscle cell membranes, slowing the depolarization rate during the 0 phase of the action potential, shortening the duration of the action potential, and reducing the effective refractory period. Moricizine Hydrochloride can be used in the study of arrhythmias.

Amifampridine-D3 dihydrochloride is a deuterated compound of Amifampridine dihydrochloride (T4497). Amifampridine 2hydrochloride has a CAS number of 54-96-6. Amifampridine is predominantly in the treatment of a number of rare muscle diseases. Amifampridine works by blocking potassium channel efflux in nerve terminals so that action potential duration is increased. Ca2+ channels can then be open for a longer time and allow greater acetylcholine release to stimulate muscle at the end plate.

Amiodarone hydrochloride (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Amiodarone hydrochloride. Amiodarone hydrochloride is an anti-anginal agent and a class III antiarrhythmic drug that inhibits potassium channels (including wild-type hERG channels and their tail currents, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 45 nM) as well as voltage-gated sodium channels. This leads to prolonged action potential duration in ventricular and atrial myocytes, resulting in reduced heart rate and vascular resistance. It activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in fibroblasts, promoting cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Amiodarone hydrochloride is widely used in the study of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and can also be used to establish pulmonary fibrosis animal models.