non-hydroxy

Globotriaosylceramide (non-hydroxy) (porcine RBC) is a glycosphingolipid found in the cell membranes of mammals. It is a central pathogenic molecule in Fabry disease, with its levels modifiable by supplementing α-galactosidase A. This compound enhances B cell receptor signaling by regulating the localization of the coreceptor CD19 and can serve as a vaccine adjuvant, promoting a broad and cross-protective antibody response. Additionally, Globotriaosylceramide (non-hydroxy) (porcine RBC) aids in wound healing and decreases scar formation by modulating fibroblast heterogeneity.

Galactosylcerebrosides are glycosphingolipids that contain a galactose attached to a ceramide acylated with a hydroxy or non-hydroxy fatty acid. They are metabolic precursors to sulfatides , found primarily in nerve tissues, and are the main glycosphingolipids in the central nervous system. Galactosylcerebrosides are involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell agglutination, cellular signaling in glycosynapses, cellular development, and activation of T cells. They accumulate in globoid cells in the brain of patients with Krabbe disease, a disorder characterized by a deficiency in galactosylcerebrosidase activity. This product is a mixture of isolated bovine non-hydroxy galactosylcerebrosides.

Ceramides Mixture, an endogenous ceramide, consists of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramides. It is involved in the regulation of cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition, and modulation of telomerase activity.

L-m-Tyrosine (3-Hydroxy-L-Phenylalanine) is a non-natural amino acid. L-(-)-m-Tyrosine displays the potential in treating Parkinson's disease, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.

N-Boc-cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester serves as a non-cleavable linker in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) synthesis and functions as an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker for PROTAC construction [2].

Hydroxy-PEG4-(CH2)2-Boc is an uncleavable ADC linker utilized in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and can also be employed in the synthesis of PROTAC.

3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-1,5,7-tris(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione is a high-purity biochemical reagent suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

GSK256073 is an orally active GPR109A agonist. GSK256073 also is a long-lasting and non-flushing HCA2 (hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2) full agonist (pEC50: 7.5). GSK256073 acutely improves glucose homeostasis via inhibition of lipolysis.

Hydroxy-PEG1-acid is a non-cleavable 1-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1].

Hydroxy-PEG2-(CH2)2-Boc is an uncleavable ADC linker utilized in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Hydroxy-PEG3-(CH2)2-Boc is a uncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Hydroxy-PEG4-acid, a non-cleavable 4-unit PEG ADC linker, is utilized in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1].

Acetaminophen metabolite 3-hydroxy-acetaminophen is a non-toxic microsomal metabolite of acetaminophen, suitable for metabolic studies. It functions as an antioxidant, exhibiting radical scavenging activity via its phenolic hydroxyl group to mitigate oxidative damage.

4-Hydroxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine is a synthetic ligand for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) or non-opioid intracellular sigma-1 receptors (σ1 receptors). It serves as a metabolite of the opioid compounds furanylfentanyl and 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (FIBF).

3,3'-((2-Chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) is a non-nucleotide inhibitor of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1; Ki = 50 μM).1,2 It also inhibits urease (IC50 = 84.53 μM for the Jack bean enzyme).3 |1. Choudhary, M.I., Fatima, N., Khan, K.M., et al. New biscoumarin derivatives-cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibitory activities. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14(23), 8066-8072 (2006).|2. Onyedibe, K.I., Wang, M., and Sintim, H.O. ENPP1, an old enzyme with new functions, and small molecule inhibitors - A STING in the tale of ENPP1. Molecules 24(22), E4192 (2019).|3. Khan, K.M., Iqbal, S., Lodhi, M.A., et al. Biscoumarin: New class of urease inhibitors; economical synthesis and activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12(8), 1963-1968 (2004).

8-iso Prostaglandin F2β (8-iso PGF2β) is an isomer of PGF2α of non-enzymatic origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and does not promote aggregation of human whole blood. However, 8-iso PGF2β moderately contracts both the canine and porcine pulmonary vein, although the effect is much weaker than that exhibited by other isoprostanes such as 8-iso PGE1, 8-iso PGE2, or 8-iso PGF2α. 8-iso-15-keto PGF2β is a potential metabolite of 8-iso PGF2β via the 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase pathway. There are no published reports on the formation or biological activity of 8-iso-15-keto PGF2β.

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

(±)8-HEPE is produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA, containing equal amounts of 8(S)-HEPE and 8(R)-HEPE. The ability of (±)8-HEPE to induce hatching of E. modestus and B. balanoides eggs is probably due to the presence of the 8(R) isomer within the racemic mixture.[1][2]

3-hydroxy Myristic acid methyl ester is a hydroxylated fatty acid methyl ester that has been found in E. camaldulensis and E. torelliana extracts. [1] It is active against M. tuberculosis (MIC = 49.5 μg/ml) and is non-cytotoxic to Vero cells (IC50 = >100 μM). 3-hydroxy Myristic acid methyl ester is also a volatile compound that contributes to the aroma of red wild strawberries (F. pentaphylla) but is not present in cultivated strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa).[2] Reference:[1]. Lawal, T.O., Adeniyi, B.A., Adegoke, A.O., et al. In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus torelliana and isolated compounds. Pharm. Biol. 50(1), 92-98 (2012).[2]. Duan, W., Sun, P., Chen, L., et al. Comparative analysis of fruit volatiles and related gene expression between the wild strawberry Fragaria pentaphylla and cultivated Fragaria × ananassa. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 244(1), 57-72 (2018).

6α-hydroxy Paclitaxel (6α-OH-PTX) is the main metabolite of paclitaxel (natural product), with myelotoxicity. It enhances the anti-leukemia activity of paclitaxel under non-cytotoxic conditions, and is used for leukemia research.

8-hydroxy Efavirenz is a major oxidative metabolite of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz . 8-hydroxy Efavirenz is formed when efavirenz is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2B6. It induces apoptosis in rat primary hippocampal neurons and loss of dendritic spines in rat primary hippocampal neuronal cultures when used at a concentration of 0.01 μM.

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are Ca2+ permeable ligand-gated channels of the central nervous system that are activated after binding of the co-agonists glutamate and glycine. CAY10608 is a propanolamine that potently, selectively, and non-competitively antagonizes the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors (IC50 = 50 nM). It does not inhibit NR1, NR2A, NR2C, and NR2D subunits and has no significant effects on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropioinic acid (AMPA) or kainate receptors. CAY10608 is neuroprotective, since it prevents NMDA-triggered release of lactate dehydrogenase from cultured cortical neurons. Also, CAY10608, when administered intraperitoneally, reduces brain infarct volume resulting from transient ischemia via carotid artery occlusion.

Galactosylcerebrosides are glycosphingolipids that contain a galactose attached to a ceramide acylated with a hydroxy or non-hydroxy fatty acid. They are metabolic precursors to sulfatides , found primarily in nerve tissues, and are the main glycosphingolipids in the central nervous system. Galactosylcerebrosides are involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell agglutination, cellular signaling in glycosynapses, cellular development, and activation of T cells. They accumulate in globoid cells in the brain of patients with Krabbe disease, a disorder characterized by a deficiency in galactosylcerebrosidase activity. This product is a mixture of isolated bovine hydroxy galactosylcerebrosides.

5-hydroxy Diclofenac is a metabolite of the NSAID diclofenac formed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4. Diclofenac is a non-selective COX inhibitor. It inhibits human COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 0.9-2.7 and 1.5-20 μM, respectively. Diclofenac inhibits ovine COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 60 and 220 nM, respectively.