l-carnitine chloride

L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride) is a highly polar small zwitterionic molecule that functions as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria for subsequent degradation via β-oxidation, thereby supporting cellular energy metabolism. L-Carnitine hydrochloride also displays antioxidant activity and can mitigate metabolic imbalances associated with numerous inborn errors of metabolism, positioning it as an important agent in metabolic research.

Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acylcarnitine comprised of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and L-Carnitine. In a mouse model of myopia induced by defocus lenses, mice fed with diets rich in n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed increased levels of Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride in their eyes.

Tigloyl-L-carnitine (chloride) is a short-chain acylcarnitine composed of tigloic acid and L-carnitine. It is found in elevated levels in the plasma of certain melanoma xenograft mouse models and can be utilized in melanoma research.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (L-Myristoylcarnitine chloride) is one of the body's metabolites implicated in inherited metabolic disorders.Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a potential marker for the study of diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hepatitis.

Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous metabolite and acylcarnitine widely used in biochemical experiments and studies of metabolic disorders.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Acylcarnitine C18:0) is a long-chain acylcarnitine found in the cerebellum that inhibits GlyT2 and is an important component in the study of lipid metabolism.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a potential clinical OCT1 biomarker for DDI evaluation and can be used to study heart failure.

Butyryl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is an endogenous metabolite and a member of the acylcarnitines, involved in fatty acid metabolism. It acts as a biomarker in plasma for improved diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure and is indicative of abnormal lipid and energy metabolism. Butyryl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) can be used for quantitative detection and research on metabolic pathways.

Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is a medium-long chain acylcarnitine involved in fatty acid metabolism. It serves as a biomarker for fatty acid oxidation disorders and metabolic studies. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is used for quantitative detection and metabolic pathway research.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is a long-chain acylcarnitine involved in fatty acid metabolism and a biomarker for fatty acid oxidation disorders and metabolic studies.Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is used for quantitative detection and metabolic pathway research.

Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acyl-L-carnitine composed of Docosahexaenoic acid and L-carnitine. Under the influence of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) and other enzymes, it is transported to the mitochondria for β-oxidation and breakdown. Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride holds potential for research in diseases related to fatty acid metabolism.

C12:1 L-Carnitine chloride is an acylcarnitine lipid.

C14:1 L-Carnitine chloride is an acylcarnitine lipid.

Oleoyl-L-carnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine, acts as a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2; IC50 = 340 nM) while demonstrating significantly lesser affinity for GlyT1 (IC50 = >10,000 nM). Elevated plasma levels of this compound have been observed in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease undergoing initial hemodialysis, correlating with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Linoleoyl-L-carnitine, a naturally occurring long-chain acylcarnitine, shows increased hepatic levels in mice following high-dose (200 mg/kg) administration of isoniazid.

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that is formed via metabolic conversion of L-leucine. It increases survival and decreases apoptosis in hepatocyte growth factor-deprived murine C2.8 hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM. Isovaleryl-L-carnitine inhibits amino acid deprivation-induced proteolysis and autophagy in isolated perfused rat liver when used at concentrations of 77 and 100 μM, respectively. Increased levels of isovaleryl carnitine are associated with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (isovaleric acidemia).

Decanoyl-L-carnitine is an ester derivative of L-carnitine . It increases the formation of C24 fatty acid intermediates, as well as docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in rat hepatocytes.

Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine. It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 μM and 4.6 mM, respectively).

Heptanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine and derivative of L-carnitine .

Hexanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine. It has been used in the synthesis of acylcarnitine benzyl esters.1 1.Gong, X.-w., Li, J.-p., Wu, J.-f., et al.Synthesis of carnitine benzyl esters as prodrugsJ. Chem. Res.2008(6)327-330(2008)

Lauroyl-L-carnitine (chloride) (Lauroyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride), an acylcarnitine and surfactant, has been used to permeate porcine intestinal cells to deliver the polar fluorescent probe fluorescent yellow.

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]

L-Carnitine-d3 Chloride ((R)-Carnitine-d3 hydrochloride) is the deuterated form of L-Carnitine hydrochloride, used as an internal standard for detecting total carnitine in raw materials. L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) is an endogenous human molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism.

Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (ST-261) is used for the treatment of the deterioration of renal function, congestive heart failure, intermittent claudication, and other diseases.