l-carnitine chloride

Carnitine is a quaternary amine that occurs naturally in most mammalian tissue. Carnitine is present in relatively high concentrations in skeletal muscle and heart where it is involved in regulating energy metabolism. It has also been used to allow the en

Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acylcarnitine comprised of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and L-Carnitine. In a mouse model of myopia induced by defocus lenses, mice fed with diets rich in n-3 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed increased levels of Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride in their eyes.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (L-Myristoylcarnitine chloride) is one of the body's metabolites implicated in inherited metabolic disorders.Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a potential marker for the study of diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hepatitis.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Acylcarnitine C18:0) is a long-chain acylcarnitine found in the cerebellum that inhibits GlyT2 and is an important component in the study of lipid metabolism.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a potential clinical OCT1 biomarker for DDI evaluation and can be used to study heart failure.

Butyryl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is an endogenous metabolite and a member of the acylcarnitines, involved in fatty acid metabolism. It acts as a biomarker in plasma for improved diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure and is indicative of abnormal lipid and energy metabolism. Butyryl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) can be used for quantitative detection and research on metabolic pathways.

Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is a medium-long chain acylcarnitine involved in fatty acid metabolism. It serves as a biomarker for fatty acid oxidation disorders and metabolic studies. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is used for quantitative detection and metabolic pathway research.

Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is a long-chain acylcarnitine involved in fatty acid metabolism and a biomarker for fatty acid oxidation disorders and metabolic studies.Myristoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Standard) is used for quantitative detection and metabolic pathway research.

Oleoyl-L-carnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine, acts as a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2; IC50 = 340 nM) while demonstrating significantly lesser affinity for GlyT1 (IC50 = >10,000 nM). Elevated plasma levels of this compound have been observed in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease undergoing initial hemodialysis, correlating with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Lauroyl-L-carnitine (chloride) (Lauroyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride), an acylcarnitine and surfactant, has been used to permeate porcine intestinal cells to deliver the polar fluorescent probe fluorescent yellow.

Linoleoyl-L-carnitine, a naturally occurring long-chain acylcarnitine, shows increased hepatic levels in mice following high-dose (200 mg kg) administration of isoniazid.

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that is formed via metabolic conversion of L-leucine. It increases survival and decreases apoptosis in hepatocyte growth factor-deprived murine C2.8 hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM. Isovaleryl-L-carnitine inhibits amino acid deprivation-induced proteolysis and autophagy in isolated perfused rat liver when used at concentrations of 77 and 100 μM, respectively. Increased levels of isovaleryl carnitine are associated with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (isovaleric acidemia).

Decanoyl-L-carnitine is an ester derivative of L-carnitine . It increases the formation of C24 fatty acid intermediates, as well as docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in rat hepatocytes.

Carnitine facilitates the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria to be used in fatty acid metabolism. It does so by accepting acyl groups from fatty acids complexed with coenzyme A, which yields esterified carnitine or acylcarnitines that enable the transport of fatty acyl groups into the inner mitochondrial matrix. β-Oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria is inhibited by uncoupling conditions, thus changes in circulating levels of various acylcarnitines have been used to identify alterations in metabolic state.[1] [2] Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine formed from carnitine conjugated to arachidonic acid .

Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine. It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 μM and 4.6 mM, respectively).

Heptanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine and derivative of L-carnitine .

Hexanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine. It has been used in the synthesis of acylcarnitine benzyl esters.1 1.Gong, X.-w., Li, J.-p., Wu, J.-f., et al.Synthesis of carnitine benzyl esters as prodrugsJ. Chem. Res.2008(6)327-330(2008)

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]

Acetyl L-Carnitine-d3 Chloride is a deuterated compound of Acetyl L-Carnitine Chloride.

L-Carnitine-d3 Chloride ((R)-Carnitine-d3 hydrochloride) is the deuterated form of L-Carnitine hydrochloride, used as an internal standard for detecting total carnitine in raw materials. L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) is an endogenous human molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism.

Levocarnitine propionate hydrochloride (ST-261) is used for the treatment of the deterioration of renal function, congestive heart failure, intermittent claudication, and other diseases.

(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride) is a fatty acid metabolite with antithrombotic properties that protects mice from ischemic stroke by counteracting intracerebral thrombosis in the tMCAO model.L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride) is a fatty acid metabolite with antithrombotic properties. Palmitoylcarnitine chloride inhibits the Na K pump in the heart and inhibits FeCl 3-induced arterial thrombosis Attenuates intracerebral thrombosis and inflammation in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride (Lys(Me)3-OH Chloride) is a methylated derivative of lysine, found in histone proteins and serves as a coenzyme in fatty acid oxidation. It is a precursor for carnitine, generated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine on lysine residues. Upon proteolysis, it is converted to 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine by mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase, initiating carnitine biosynthesis.