injuries

MEISi-2 is a specific MEISi inhibitor that inhibits the meis luciferase reporter gene in vitro and induces MEIS-dependent hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and self-renewal, which can be used in research areas such as cardiac injury, hematopoietic problems, bone marrow transplantation and cancer.

Rocaglamide (Roc-A), isolated from the genus Aglaia, can be used to treat coughs, injuries, asthma, and inflammatory skin diseases. It is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation in T-cells.

Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a non-glucocorticoid, lipid peroxidation inhibitor with antiviral and neuroprotective activities. It confines intracellular intramembranous foci, attenuates spinal cord injuries induced by trauma, stroke, and ischemia reperfusion injuries, inhibits toxins in dogs, and is used in the study of neurological disorders.

Nitrofurazone (Furacilin) is a topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone(NFZ) has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.

3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (Acetoisovanillone) is an active P. spinosa extract. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and prevented injuries due to administration of acetic acid in the colon.

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to it's in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.

Keap1-Nrf2-IN-22 (compound 19) acts as a Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor with a KD2 value of 42.2 nM. It is utilized in research focused on acute lung injury (ALI) and cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I R) injuries.

JNK-IN-19 (Compound Q8) is an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, utilized for the treatment and or prevention of injuries prior to, during, or following surgery.

PARP1-IN-36 (compound 11) is a derivative of 4-carboxamide-isoindolinone and acts as a selective PARP-1 inhibitor with a Kd value of less than 0.01 μM. This compound is utilized in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological injuries, and inflammation.

Methylprednisolone Acetate(Depo-Medrate) has the ability to inhibit oxygen free radicals and can be used to treat acute spinal cord injuries.

Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Indometacin sodium hydrate) is an orally active, competitive and reversible COX1 2 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity in induced migraines, induced gastrointestinal injuries, and may be used in studies of increased intracranial pressure secondary to severe traumatic brain injury and rheumatoid arthritis in adults.

Zofenopril calcium (SQ26991) is an antioxidant that acts as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. ACE Zofenopril is a pro-drug designed to undergo metabolic hydrolysis yielding the active free sulfhydryl compound zofenoprilat, which is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor . Zofenopril promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries in rat models . Zofenopril increases SR calcium cycling and stimulates active calcium uptake into the SR .

(S)-4CPG ((S)-4-Carboxyphenylglycine) is a competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist that attenuates nociceptive hypersensitivity and nociceptive abnormalities associated with sciatic nerve constriction injuries in rats, and may be used in the study of neurological disorders.

Phenazopyridine is commonly utilized as a local analgesic to mitigate pain, irritation, discomfort, or urgency resulting from urinary tract infections, surgical procedures, or injuries affecting the urinary tract [1].

LYRM03 is an aminopeptidase inhibitor. LYRM03 is also an ubenimex derivative. LYRM03 attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing the TLR4 signaling pathway. LYRM03 effectively attenuates LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and Myd88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathways in alveolar macrophages. LYRM03 may serve as a potential treatment for sepsis-mediated lung injuries.

TAT-NEP1-40 TFA, a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide, safeguards PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and fosters neurite outgrowth. Additionally, it enhances neurological outcomes post-ischemia by curtailing apoptosis in ischemic cerebral tissues. This compound has utility in investigating central nervous system (CNS) injuries, encompassing axonal regeneration and functional recuperation following a stroke [1].

Trofinetide, derived from the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (an N-terminal sequence of insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1), shows promise in various neuroprotective models. At a concentration of 10 nM, it mitigates cell death in primary rat embryonic striatal neurons caused by okadaic acid. Additionally, Trofinetide reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and E-selectin) in a rat model simulating neuroinflammation from penetrating ballistic-like brain injuries. In cases of brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), administration of Trofinetide at 30 and 60 mg kg reduces the area of cortical and striatal infarct. Furthermore, a daily dose of 100 mg kg reverses social recognition and contextual fear conditioning deficits, diminishes the number of dendritic spines, and decreases testicular weight gain in an fmr1- - knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Trofinetide formulations have been employed in treating Rett syndrome, highlighting its versatility across various neurological conditions.

DCLK1-IN-5 (Compound a24), with an IC 50 of 179.7 nM, acts as a DCLK1 inhibitor. It mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by blocking DCLK1-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation. Additionally, DCLK1-IN-5 offers protection to mice from lung injuries and sepsis caused by inflammation [1].

Baclofen hydrochloride (4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid hydron chloride) is a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific GABA-B RECEPTORS agonist. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

TAK-218 is a candidate compound designed for use in treating central nervous system injuries and ischemia. It demonstrates significant radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties. Additionally, TAK-218 inhibits the release of dopamine.

2-Oxo-zoniporide hydrochloride is an orally active type 1 sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE-1) inhibitor, utilized in the study of myocardial ischemic injuries.

Cholesta-3,5-diene is an inflammation modulator targeting immune cells (such as neutrophils), facilitating wound healing by promoting neutrophil chemotaxis and fibroblast migration. It enhances immune cell recruitment and extracellular matrix deposition by activating chemokine receptor-mediated signaling pathways (such as PI3K Akt). Cholesta-3,5-diene can be applied topically for wound repair, showing potential therapeutic value in chronic ulcers or skin injuries.

N-Cholyl-L-leucine is a bile acid amidate. It has been found in fecal samples from extremely premature infants with mild or severe brain injuries. N-Cholyl-L-leucine has been used as a standard for the detection of endogenous bile acid amidates in human plasma and fecal samples.

CAQK peptide specifically binds to injured mouse brain tissue and targets demyelinating areas without affecting healthy tissue. It interacts with a proteoglycan complex that is upregulated in brain injuries, making it useful for drug delivery applications. Additionally, CAQK peptide can penetrate the blood-brain barrier [1] [2].