impairment

1. Nootkatone can provide effective tick control. 2. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities. 3. Nootkatone can prevent obesity and improve physical performance through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and liver.

6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone) is an environmental pollutant that can target CNR2, CNR1, AA2AR, LCAT and TRPA1. Among them, CNR2 has the highest binding affinity and may act as a CNR2 receptor agonist to activate cannabinoid receptors. 6PPD-Q can damage the sperm quality and induce the impairment of male reproductive ability in mice. 6PPD-Q can induce intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by disrupting mitochondrial function, reducing neuronal glycolytic metabolites and TCA cycle intermediates, and exacerbating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

Scopolamine hydrobromide is a tropane alkaloid derived from the Solanaceae family. It is a high-affinity (nanomolar level) muscarinic receptor antagonist and can also reversibly inhibit 5-HT₃ receptor responses (IC₅₀ = 2.09 μM). It is commonly used to induce animal models of Alzheimer's disease or memory impairment.

Atractylenolide III (ICodonolactone) may have therapeutic potential in treating homocysteine-mediated cognitive impairment and neuronal injury. Atractylenolide III is a potential candidate for the treatment of human lung carcinoma by inducing the release of cytochrome c, upregulating the expression of Bax and translocating apoptosis-inducing factor.

Scopolamine is a high-affinity (nanomolar level) muscarinic receptor antagonist that can reversibly inhibit 5-HT₃ receptor responses (IC₅₀ = 2.09 μM). It is commonly used to induce animal models of Alzheimer's disease or memory impairment.

8-Methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate is a compound with antimicrobial activity and notable inhibitory effects on plant growth. It also exhibits COX-2-mediated inflammatory response impairment in LPS-stimulated raw macrophages.

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

Tenuifoliside B is a natural product from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.And is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Loureirin A has an inhibitory effect on platelet activation, perhaps through an impairment of PI3K Akt signaling.Loureirin A negatively affects agonist-induced platelet aggregation such as collagen, collagen-related peptide (CRP), ADP and thrombin. Lourei

1. Rhynchophylline (Mitrinermine) can protect against ischemic damage, probably via regulating the Akt mTOR pathway. 2. Rhynchophylline can protect against glutamate-induced neuronal death, can inhibit MA impairment in cultured neurons in vitro. 3. Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have a non-competitive antagonistic effect on the NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, suggest that these alkaloids exert their protective action against ischemia-induced neuronal damage by preventing NMDA, muscarinic M1, and 5-HT2 receptors-mediated neurotoxicity during ischemia.

1. Spinosin (Flavoayamenin) ameliorated memory impairment induced through AβO, the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, and these effects were regulated, in part, through neuroprotective activity via the anti-inflammatory effects of Spinosin. 2. Spinosin exerts anxiolytic-like effects, and its mechanism of action appears to be modulated by GABAA and 5-HT1A receptors. 3. There was a wide brain regional tissue distribution of Spinosin. The concentrations of Spinosin in corpus striatum and hippocampus were higher than that in other areas.

Bacopaside I is a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera. Bacopaside I is a modulator of Aquaporin-1 channel, has neuroprotective functions, it has anti-Alzheimer's disease, it ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP PS1 mice via immune-mediated clearance of α2-amyloid,exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect.

Prenatal exposure to Integerrimine N-oxide induces maternal toxicity, impairment of maternal care and delayed in physical and behavioral development of the offspring. Doses of Integerrimine N-oxide here employed did not produce marked immunotoxic effects.

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells.

Soyasaponin Ba may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinester

1,7-Diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one is a compound isolated from Alpinia officinarum, which activates the Nrf2 pathway to suppress pyroptosis. It alleviates cognitive impairment and pathological damage in APP PS1 mice and prevents oxidative stress damage while reducing levels of pyroptosis-related proteins. 1,7-Diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one enhances Aβ-induced proliferation in HT22 cells and can be used in Alzheimer’s disease research.