impairment

1. Nootkatone can provide effective tick control. 2. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities. 3. Nootkatone can prevent obesity and improve physical performance through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and liver.

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells.

6PPD-Q (6PPD-Quinone) is an environmental pollutant that can target CNR2, CNR1, AA2AR, LCAT and TRPA1. Among them, CNR2 has the highest binding affinity and may act as a CNR2 receptor agonist to activate cannabinoid receptors. 6PPD-Q can damage the sperm quality and induce the impairment of male reproductive ability in mice. 6PPD-Q can induce intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by disrupting mitochondrial function, reducing neuronal glycolytic metabolites and TCA cycle intermediates, and exacerbating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

Scopolamine hydrobromide is a tropane alkaloid derived from the Solanaceae family. It is a high-affinity (nanomolar level) muscarinic receptor antagonist and can also reversibly inhibit 5-HT₃ receptor responses (IC₅₀ = 2.09 μM). It is commonly used to induce animal models of Alzheimer's disease or memory impairment.

Atractylenolide III (ICodonolactone) may have therapeutic potential in treating homocysteine-mediated cognitive impairment and neuronal injury. Atractylenolide III is a potential candidate for the treatment of human lung carcinoma by inducing the release of cytochrome c, upregulating the expression of Bax and translocating apoptosis-inducing factor.

Scopolamine is a high-affinity (nanomolar level) muscarinic receptor antagonist that can reversibly inhibit 5-HT₃ receptor responses (IC₅₀ = 2.09 μM). It is commonly used to induce animal models of Alzheimer's disease or memory impairment.

8-Methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate is a compound with antimicrobial activity and notable inhibitory effects on plant growth. It also exhibits COX-2-mediated inflammatory response impairment in LPS-stimulated raw macrophages.

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

Tenuifoliside B is a natural product from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.And is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Loureirin A has an inhibitory effect on platelet activation, perhaps through an impairment of PI3K/Akt signaling.Loureirin A negatively affects agonist-induced platelet aggregation such as collagen, collagen-related peptide (CRP), ADP and thrombin. Lourei

1. Rhynchophylline (Mitrinermine) can protect against ischemic damage, probably via regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. 2. Rhynchophylline can protect against glutamate-induced neuronal death, can inhibit MA impairment in cultured neurons in vitro. 3. Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have a non-competitive antagonistic effect on the NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, suggest that these alkaloids exert their protective action against ischemia-induced neuronal damage by preventing NMDA, muscarinic M1, and 5-HT2 receptors-mediated neurotoxicity during ischemia.

1. Spinosin (Flavoayamenin) ameliorated memory impairment induced through AβO, the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, and these effects were regulated, in part, through neuroprotective activity via the anti-inflammatory effects of Spinosin. 2. Spinosin exerts anxiolytic-like effects, and its mechanism of action appears to be modulated by GABAA and 5-HT1A receptors. 3. There was a wide brain regional tissue distribution of Spinosin. The concentrations of Spinosin in corpus striatum and hippocampus were higher than that in other areas.

Bacopaside I is a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera. Bacopaside I is a modulator of Aquaporin-1 channel, has neuroprotective functions, it has anti-Alzheimer's disease, it ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via immune-mediated clearance of α2-amyloid,exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect.

Prenatal exposure to Integerrimine N-oxide induces maternal toxicity, impairment of maternal care and delayed in physical and behavioral development of the offspring. Doses of Integerrimine N-oxide here employed did not produce marked immunotoxic effects.

Soyasaponin Ba may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinester

1,7-Diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one is a compound isolated from Alpinia officinarum, which activates the Nrf2 pathway to suppress pyroptosis. It alleviates cognitive impairment and pathological damage in APP/PS1 mice and prevents oxidative stress damage while reducing levels of pyroptosis-related proteins. 1,7-Diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one enhances Aβ-induced proliferation in HT22 cells and can be used in Alzheimer’s disease research.