human endogenous metabolite

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer and can be used to study prostate tumors and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the protein kinase C pathway to increase FBXO10 expression.20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer and can be used to study prostate tumors and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the protein kinase C pathway.

AFMK (Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine) is an active metabolite of Melatonin with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. AFMK is a modulator of apoptosis and improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells.

Dimethindene (Dimetindeno) is a selective antagonist of H1 receptor and blocks K+ current. Dimethindene exhibits antihistamine and anticholinergic effects.

p-Toluic Acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. 4-Methylbenzoic acid has been primarily detected in saliva. Within the cell, 4-methylbenzoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm.

4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.

1-Octanol, a saturated fatty alcohol, functions as an inhibitor of T-type calcium channels (T-channels), showing an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. Additionally, 1-Octanol is recognized for its potential as a biofuel, possessing diesel-like properties[2].

D-Cysteine, the D-isomer of cysteine, is a powerful inhibitor of E. coli growth and is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S, serving as a neuroprotective agent against cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, D-cysteine can inhibit the growth and cariogenicity of a two-species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus hemoglobin.

D-Gluconic acid (D-Gluco-hexonic acid) is a carboxylic acid that has antiseptic and chelating properties through oxidation.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in sugar fermentation (oxidation, metabolism). It is identified as a competitive inhibitor of ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) in plants.

DL-Norvaline (2-Aminopentanoic acid) is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.

(S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol ((2S)-propane-1,2-diol) is an endogenous compound produced by the engineered bacterium Lactococcus lactis.

β-Aminopropionitrile (3-Aminopropionitrile) is a selective inhibitor of lysyl oxidase.

2-Phenylglycine (DL-α-Phenylglycine) is a metabolite present in breast milk during lactation.

3-Amino-2-piperidinone is a metabolite from all living organisms and can be used as a cyclic ornithine analogue.

5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-Methoxyindoleacetic acid) is a metabolite of Melatonin and is isolated from pineal tissue.

D-Pipecolinic acid ((R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a normal human metabolite found in human biological fluids.

L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase in a non-competitive manner, thereby preventing glucose elevation induced by sucrose intake.

(S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (L-(+)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a normal human metabolite that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA in humans, and can be used as an energy source by the brain when blood glucose is low.

Adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) is a biologically active form of vitamin B12 .It is a cofactor for methylmalonyl CoA mutase. It belongs to the corrinoid group of compounds, which contain a corrin macrocycle, and is produced only by certain bacteria and archaea. It is a cofactor for various enzymes including mutases, eliminases, aminomutases, and a reductase.

DL-Dopa is a phenylalanine beta-hydroxylated derivative.

1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithian) is a protected formaldehyde anion equivalent that could serve as a useful labeled synthon. 1,3-Dithiane is also a sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products found in boiled beef extracts.

2,3-Butanediol, derived from the bioconversion of natural resources, holds significant potential for various industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical sectors.