human endogenous metabolite

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

AFMK (Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine) is an active metabolite of Melatonin with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. AFMK is a modulator of apoptosis and improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, vasodilation and constriction, blood pressure regulation, and inflammatory regulation.

Dimethindene (Dimetindeno) is a selective antagonist of H1 receptor and blocks K+ current. Dimethindene exhibits antihistamine and anticholinergic effects.

p-Toluic Acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. 4-Methylbenzoic acid has been primarily detected in saliva. Within the cell, 4-methylbenzoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm.

4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.

D-Cysteine, the D-isomer of cysteine, is a powerful inhibitor of E. coli growth and is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S, serving as a neuroprotective agent against cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, D-cysteine can inhibit the growth and cariogenicity of a two-species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus hemoglobin.

D-Gluconic acid (D-Gluco-hexonic acid) is a carboxylic acid that has antiseptic and chelating properties through oxidation.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

DL-Norvaline (2-Aminopentanoic acid) is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.

β-Aminopropionitrile (3-Aminopropionitrile) is a selective inhibitor of lysyl oxidase.

2-Phenylglycine (DL-α-Phenylglycine) is a metabolite present in breast milk during lactation.

3-Amino-2-piperidinone is a metabolite from all living organisms and can be used as a cyclic ornithine analogue.

5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-Methoxyindoleacetic acid) is a metabolite of Melatonin and is isolated from pineal tissue.

D-Pipecolinic acid ((R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a normal human metabolite found in human biological fluids.

L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase in a non-competitive manner, thereby preventing glucose elevation induced by sucrose intake.

DL-Dopa is a phenylalanine beta-hydroxylated derivative.

1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithian) is a protected formaldehyde anion equivalent that could serve as a useful labeled synthon. 1,3-Dithiane is also a sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products found in boiled beef extracts.

4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a substrate of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is isolated from olive brine.

Dimethylmalonic acid(2,2-Dimethylmalonic acid) is a short-chain dicarboxylic acid found in human serum that can be used to prevent or retard denaturation of fish actinomyosin in freezing buffer solution (pH 7).

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Turanose is a naturally occurring isomer of sucrose found in honey. It has anti-inflammatory and fat-regulating activities. It has research potential for obesity and related chronic diseases.

Methionine (D-Methionine) (MRX-1024; D-Methionine) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.

Octadecanal (stearaldehyde) is present in the thigh and chest muscles.