enteric

Sulfaguanidine (Guanicil), a sulfonamide, is served as an anti-infective agent.

Nitazoxanide (NSC-697855) is a synthetic benzamide with antiprotozoal activity. Nitazoxanide exerts its antiprotozoal activity by interfering with the pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase dependent electron transfer reaction.

Hemicholinium 3 is a potent and selective choline uptake blocker.

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serotype enteritidis, are endotoxins derived from this serotype known for causing enteritis and serve as TLR-4 activators. This S-type LPS triggers the immune system's pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and induces the secretion of exosomes. It consists of a typical tripartite structure: the O antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. These lipopolysaccharides can provoke a systemic inflammatory response, leading to increased plasma levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and nitrates.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins that serve as a major component of the cell walls in gram-negative bacteria. Composed of Lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS strongly stimulates the immune system by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on immune cells, triggering inflammatory responses. In most Salmonella serotypes, the LPS features a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with core oligosaccharide OAg units ranging from 16 to over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg regulatory factors can alter the OAg structure, affecting Salmonella interactions with epithelial cells. Strains with long OAgs show increased translocation and invasion by SPI1-T3SS effector proteins, while strains lacking OAg entirely exhibit increased invasiveness and adhesion. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype minnesota and is utilized for studies on host immune activation and its roles in inflammation and immune modulation.

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serotype typhimurium, are endotoxins and TLR4 activators derived from the serotype of this bacterium, classified as S-type LPS. They display a characteristic three-part structure: O antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. These lipopolysaccharides influence bacterial fate within dendritic cells (DC), determining the uptake, degradation, and activation of immune functions in DC cells.

Lipopolysaccharides from *Salmonella enterica* serotype Abortusequi are endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from intestinal S. enterica. They are mutated R-type LPSs that serve as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) to activate the immune system and induce cell secretion of exosomes. These lipopolysaccharides consist of a core oligosaccharide and lipid A. *S. enterica* serotype Abortusequi is a key pathogen causing abortion in mares and is associated with neonatal septicemia, multiple abscesses, orchitis, and polyarthritis in equine species. Grouping is primarily based on lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) and flagellin protein (H-antigen).

D-3263 hydrochloride (D3263 HCl salt) is enteric-coated, orally bioavailable transient receptor potential melatonin member 8 (TRPM8) agonist.

Florfenicol (SCH-25298), a fluorinated synthetic analog of thiamphenicol, is currently indicated for the therapy of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Haemophilus somnus, and Pasteurella multocida, for therapy of bovine interdigital phlegmon (foot rot, infectious pododermatitis, acute interdigital necrobacillosis) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. This compound is also used in aquaculture and is approved for use in the United States for the therapy of enteric septicemia in catfish.

Rebaudioside D is a potential sweetener. Rebaudioside D shows similar stability when exposed to simulate stomach and small intestine fluids, with susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation by enteric bacteria collected from the cecum.

Sulfadimethoxine is a antimicrobial agent, treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Alosetron hydrochloride (GR 68755) is the hydrochloride salt form of alosetron, a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Alosetron blocks the actions of serotonin at 5-HT3 sites in the peripheral nervous system, particularly on enteric and nociceptive sensory neurons, thereby affecting the regulation of visceral pain, decreasing gastrointestinal contraction and motility, and decreasing gastrointestinal secretions.

CRS-3123, a methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of enteric infections.

Allolactose is a disaccharide used as an inducer of the lac operon in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria.

RET-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of RET, a single-channel transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney and enteric nervous system development, as well as in maintaining homeostasis in the nervous, endocrine, hematopoietic, and male reproductive systems. RET-IN-9 is potentially useful in studying RET-related diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer and medullary thyroid cancer.

Mosapride Citrate is a 5-HT4 receptor agonist used to stimulate gastrointestinal motility via acetylcholine. Mosapride Citrate facilitates acetylcholine release from the enteric cholinergic neurons.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

Levine Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar Medium (Levine EMB Agar) is a mildly selective culture medium used for isolating enteric pathogens, especially Escherichia coli. The composition per liter of Levine Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar Medium includes: 10.0 g peptone, 10.0 g lactose, 2.0 g dipotassium phosphate, 15.0 g agar, 0.4 g eosin, and 0.065 g methylene blue.

China Blue Lactose Agar is a mildly selective culture medium used for the selective isolation of enteric pathogens.

MacConkey Agar (MAC) is used for the selective isolation of enteric pathogens. The composition for 1 liter of MacConkey Agar includes: peptone (20.0 g), lactose (10.0 g), bile salts No. 3 (1.5 g), sodium chloride (5.0 g), neutral red (0.03 g), crystal violet (0.001 g), and agar (15.0 g).