dysfunction

Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.

Phentolamine mesylate (Phentolamine methanesulfonate) is a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist used to treat hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of [RAYNAUD DISEASE] and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride is a well-established experimental toxin that induces liver injury primarily by generating free radicals and depleting UTP nucleotides, and it can be used to establish lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-induced hepatitis or acute liver injury models.

Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate (BAY38-9456) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (TMANO dihydrate) is a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite derived from dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. It induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes fibroblast differentiation and cardiac fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. TMANO dihydrate can be used to establish models of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis.

Nerol (Neryl alcohol) is a monoterpene found in many essential oils, such as lemon balm and hop.Nerol can lessened the severity of ouabain-triggered arrhythmias in mammalian heart.

Sarcosine (Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Vardenafil hydrochloride is a New Phosphodiesterase Type 5(PDE5) Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Diabetes

Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It mitigates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Fenchlorphos (Dermafos) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, used as an insecticide.

ODQ is an effective and selective soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor.

NLRP3-IN-9 (INF-4E) is an inhibitor of NLRP3 ATPase and caspase-1. NLRP3-IN-9 acts by irreversibly trapping thiol nucleophiles, which prevents both ATP- and nigericin-triggered pyroptosis of human THP-1 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.

Momordin Ic (Momordin 1c) might represent a potential anticancer activity, by inducing apoptosis through oxidative stress-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MAPK and PI3K-mediated iNOS and HO-1 pathways. Also, Momordin Ic accelerates gastrointestinal transit partially by stimulating synthesis of 5-HT to act through 5-HT(2), which, in turn, increases synthesis of prostaglandins.

Vardenafil dihydrochloride (Levitra) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

AUT1 (AUT-1) is a novel specific modulator of Kv3 channels (EC50: 4.7 and 4.9 uM for Kv3.1b and Kv3.2a).

TMPH is an inhibitor of nAChR and inhibits nAChRs lacking α5, α6, or β3 subunits. TMPH can be used in studies about nAChR dysfunction or neurological disorders.

NS-3-008 hydrochloride (NS-3-008 HCl) is a transcriptional G0/G1 switch 2 (G0s2) inhibitor( IC50 of 2.25 μM).

N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin, a polyphenol isolated from the seeds of safflower, exhibits antioxidant, cardioprotective effects after ischemia, and antitumor activity. It may improve vascular distensibility and reduce cardiovascular risk. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin ameliorates atherosclerosis and distensibility of the aortic wall in vivo, and is commonly used in atherosclerosis research.

Deferoxamine (Desferrioxamine B) is an iron chelator. Deferoxamine can be used to reduce the accumulation and deposition of iron in tissues. Deferoxamine can improve neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. It has antioxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-tumor activities, and can induce the production of HIF-1α, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. It can be used to treat acute iron toxicity and COVID-19 related diseases.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Osunprotafib (ABBV-CLS-484) is a potent, orally bioavailable PTP1B/PTPN2 inhibitor in clinical trials for solid tumors. [1] Osunprotafib (ABBV-CLS-484) stimulates the tumor microenvironment and promotes natural killer cell and CD8 T cell function and enhances T cell anti-tumor immunity by enhancing JAK-STAT signaling and reducing T cell dysfunction. [2]

10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol, which has neuroprotective effects, improves cognitive dysfunction, and can be used to study brain damage.

nor-NOHA acetate (Nω-Hydroxy-nor-L-arginine acetate) is a reversible inhibitor of arginase with anti-leukemic activity, effective in treating endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression, and metabolism regulation.

OR-1896 is the active metabolite of Levosimendan, a highly specific phosphodiesterase (PDE III) inhibitor, a vasodilator with partial anti-inflammatory properties that produces vasodilation in different types of blood vessels through activation of ATP-sensitive (KATP) and other potassium channels.OR-1896 can be used to study heart failure and vascular dysfunction. OR-1896 can be used to study heart failure and vascular dysfunction.