d-fructose

D-Fructose (D-arabino-hexulose) , also known as D-(-)-Fructose or D-(-)-Levulose, is classified as a member of the Monosaccharides.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium salt (D-FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DISODIUM SALT) is an important intermediate in the Carbohydrates pathway. The interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway.

β-D-Fructose (beta-D-fructofuranose) is used as a sweetness enhancer and is produced by the hydrolysis of sucrose.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate is one of the products generated during glycolysis and is involved in the body's energy metabolism.

D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate), also known as Fosfructose, is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate. It functions by promoting anaerobic glycolysis, which generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under ischemic conditions. This compound holds potential for research in cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia, and asthma.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a naturally occurring trisaccharide composed of fructose, galactose, and glucose, found in various vegetables and grains. It functions as a functional oligosaccharide.

Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons.

Palatinose hydrate (6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-fructose, Isoma) is a disaccharide having an α(1→6) linkage between D-glucose and D-fructose and is similar to sucrose in its physicochemical properties. It is produced from sucrose in some bacteria by the action of sucrose isomerase. In mammalian gut, palatinose is hydrolyzed and absorbed much more slowly than sucrose.

Raffinose (Melitriose) is an indigestible short-chain oligosaccharide, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, found in many plants. It can be hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase (α-GAL) to D-galactose and sucrose.

Lactulose (Lactulosum) , a synthetic disaccharide , is used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP11/GF10 is a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) compound with a degree of polymerization (DP) equal to 11. FOS consists of 10 fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, with a single D-glucosyl unit present at the non-reducing end.

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP12 GF11 is a member of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) characterized by a degree of polymerization (DP) of 12. FOS compounds consist of 11 fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, with a lone D-glucosyl unit located at the non-reducing end.

Stachyose tetrahydrate (D-Stachyose tetrahydrate) is a tetrasaccharide consisting of two α-D-galactose units, one α-D-glucose unit, and one β-D-fructose unit sequentially.

α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate is abis-phosphorylated derivative of α-D-glucose that has roles in carbohydrate metabolism.1It is the product of the reaction of glucose-1- or 6-phosphate with glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase (PGM2LI) in the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.2It is also a cofactor for the bacterial enzyme phosphopentomutase.3,4α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate has been used in the study of carbohydrate metabolism. 1.Beitner, R.Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in extrahepatic tissues; comparison with fructose 2,6-bisphosphateInt. J. Biochem.22(6)553-557(1990) 2.Maliekal, P., Sokolova, T., Vertommen, D., et al.Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the α-D-phosphohexomutase familyJ. Biol. Chem.282(44)31844-31851(2007) 3.Moustafa, H.M.A., Zaghloul, T.I., and Zhang, Y.-H.P.A simple assay for determining activities of phosphopentomutase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritimaAnal. Biochem.50175-81(2016) 4.Panosian, T.D., Nannemann, D.P., Watkins, G.R., et al.Bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase is an alkaline phosphatase family member that exhibits an altered entry point into the catalytic cycleJ. Biol. Chem.286(10)8043-8054(2011)

D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate, an endogenous metabolite produced by glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), is utilized in studies related to diabetes mellitus [1].

Esafosfan trisodium (FDP trisodium) is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of sickle cell anemia, cardiovascular ischemia and asthma. It acts by stimulating anaerobic glycolysis which generates adenosine triphosphate under ischemic conditions.

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP10 GF9 is a compound classified as a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 10. FOS consists of a chain of 9 fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, with a lone D-glucosyl unit located at the non-reducing end.

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP8 GF7 (Fructo-oligosaccharide DP8 GF7) is a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with a degree of polymerization (DP=8). It consists of seven fructose units connected by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds, featuring a single D-glucosyl unit at the non-reducing end.