coupled

Linoleoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid agent. It acts by binding to TRPV1 increasing ERK phosphorylation and AP-1 dependent transcription in CB-receptor in an independent manner.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist for S1P1-5 receptors and a ligand for GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12. As an intracellular second messenger, it mobilizes Ca2+ and acts as an extracellular ligand for G-protein coupled receptors. This important lipid mediator is generated from sphingosine or other membrane phospholipids.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a potent inhibitor of liver-specific fatty acid transporter 5 (FATP5). Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve gallstones.

NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH).

(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid dihydrate (jodgorgon) results from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. During thyroid hormone biosynthesis, diiodotyrosine residues couple with either monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T3 or T4 thyroid hormones.

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.

Higenamine hydrochloride (norcoclaurine HCl) has been demonstrated to be a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, belong to the class of G protein–coupled receptors, and are the most prominent receptors in the adipose membrane, besides also being expressed in skeletal muscle tissue.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

Estrone-3-Glucuronide sodium is a coupled metabolite of estrone, which is formed in the liver by UDP-glucuronyltransferase through glucuronide coupling.

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is an endogenous neurotransmitter with agonistic effects on a variety of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), including mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, with a pEC50 = 2.7 to 4.0. L- Cysteinesulfinic acid is a pld-coupled agonist of metabotropic excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors.

Anandamide ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide), an immune modulator, acts via not only cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) but also other targets (e.g., GPR18/GPR55) in the central nervous system.

3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003). 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4 References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003).

Commendamide is a natural bacterial product that was discovered in a screen for commensal bacteria effector genes (Cbegs). Cbeg12 is a bacterial effector gene that encodes for its production. Commendamide is structurally similar to long-chain N-acyl-amides, which commonly signal, in mammals, through G protein-coupled receptors. Commendamide activates GPR132 (also known as G2A) with an EC50 value of 11.8 μM.

Sphinganine 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway and is structurally similar to sphingosine. It has a protective effect on the kidney and liver through activation of the S1P1 receptor in mice. D-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate acts as an agonist for S1P4 in Homo sapiens and may activate GPR63 (G protein-coupled receptor), mainly used in the study of Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease and Leukodystrophy.

4-Guanidinobutanoic acid (4-GBA) is an L-arginine metabolite that has been used in the intestinal transport tranport studies. It has been specifically use to human proton coupled amino acid transporters hPAT1.

1. Nardosinone has inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, might be mediated by targeting PI3K Akt and MEK ERK signaling pathways. 2. Nardosinone could protect against the neuronal injury exposed to OGD, which may be relevant to the

Arecaidine hydrobromide is the salt form of Arecaidine, a pyridine alkaloid with potent GABA uptake inhibitory properties that acts as a substrate for H+-coupled amino acid transporter protein 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) to competitively inhibit the uptake of L-proline.

Morusignin L is a biologically active prenylated flavonoid compound that has been demonstrated to exhibit significant anti-osteoporosis effects in vitro, potentially mediated through the inhibition of osteoclast tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity and bone resorption, coupled with the concurrent promotion of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis. Vasopressin is involved in the regulation process of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the amount of solute free water reabsorbed from the renal tubule's colate back into the circulation, narrowing arteries to increase pressure, enhancing the stimulating effect of corticotropin releasing factor to regulate pituitary corticotropin secretion. Vasopressin acts as a neurotransmitter during nerve conduction by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors.

Glabrene, Liquiritin apioside, neolicuroside, and 18α²-glycyrrhetic acid are the predominant phenolic derivatives partitioning at the interface and most likely the major contributors to the notable synergistic antioxidant activity when coupled with pea pr

Tetrahydromagnolol can activate cannabinoid (CB) receptors.

Rediocide A, an insecticide, can inhibit calcium mobilization in Drosophila G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCR)s other than methuselah, it can induce GPCR desensitization and internalization, and such effects are mediated by the activation of conventional