assay

GPDA (Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate) is a substrate of X-Prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase in the enzyme assay.

TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride salt and hydrate form of TMB. It is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye used as a chromogenic agent in horseradish peroxidase-based assay systems. This compound also serves as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce a blue oxidized product. Additionally, TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

WST-1 is a cytotoxic, water-soluble tetrazolium salt that induces intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to undergo NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions, releasing water-soluble methylbenzene products.WST-1 can be used to detect cell proliferation and cellular activity by assaying the uptake values, and can be used to determine superoxide dismutase activity in the WST-1 plate assay.

Vari Fluor 555-dUTP (VF 555-dUTP) can be enzymatically incorporated into DNA/cDNA as a substitute for its natural counterpart dTTP. It is suitable for generating biotin-labeled DNA probes in various assay applications.

BAPTA Tetrasodium is a selective fluorescent chelator for calcium. In conjunction with certain formazan dyes, BAPTA can be used in a colorimetric assay for Mg2+.

L-Leu-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for leucine aminopeptidase.1Upon enzymatic cleavage by leucine aminopeptidase, AMC is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify leucine aminopeptidase activity. AMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340-360/440-460 nm, respectively. 1.Izquierdo, M., Lin, D., O'Neill, S., et al.Development of a high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of the major M17-leucyl aminopeptidase from Trypanosoma cruzi using rapidfire mass spectrometrySLAS Discov.25(9)1064-1071(2020)

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase (β-gal).1Hydrolysis of MUG by β-gal releases the fluorescent moiety 4-MU, which displays a pH-dependent excitation maximum of 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively, and an emission maximum between 445-454 nm.2MUG has been used to detect β-gal activity in intact bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells.1 1.Vidal-Aroca, F., Giannattasio, M., Brunelli, E., et al.One-step high-throughput assay for quantitative detection of β-galactosidase activity in intact Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cellsBiotechniques40(4)433-434(2006) 2.Zhi, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., et al.Fluorescent properties of hymecromone and fluorimetric analysis of hymecromone in compound dantong capsuleJ. Spectrosc.1(1)147128(2013)

XTT is a cell-impermeable, negatively charged tetrazolium dye that produces a water-soluble formazan when reduced at the cell surface by cellular-derived NADH and an electron mediator [1,2]. It is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis [3].

BODIPY FL VH032 is a high-affinity VHL fluorescent probe (Kd= 3.01 nM) with application in time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (TR-FRET) assays for high-throughput identification and characterization of VHL ligands. BODIPY FL VH032 consists of a derivative of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand VH 032 and a fluorophore BODIPY FL(with excitation peak at 504 nm and emission peak at 520 nm), joined by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4 linker. The BODIPY FL VH032 VHL TR-FRET signal is stable through the 90 - 300 min incubation time, and theTR-FRET binding assay is sensitive, selective and resistant to assay interference. BODIPY FL VH032 also exhibits high VHL affinity in a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. Excitation maximum ~ 504 nm; emission maximum ~ 520 nm.

Biotin-16-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (Biotin-16-dUTP) trisodium serves as an enzymatically incorporable substitute for its natural analog, dTTP, in DNA/cDNA synthesis, facilitating the production of biotinylated DNA probes for diverse assay applications [1] [2]. Storage recommendation: protect from light.

Ac-EEVVAC-pNA serves as a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the continuous spectrophotometric assay of the HCV NS3 protease. Its sequence, EEVVAC, originates from the 5A-5B cleavage junction within the HCV polyprotein [1].

Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-AMC (Fluorogenic Proteasome Substrate) is a fluorogenic substrate utilized to assay trypsin-like activity within the proteasome [1].

Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide that is often used as a trypsin and histone K fluorescent substrate to measure enzyme activity, which fluoresces when the enzyme is cleaved from the peptide.

Firefly Luciferase mRNA (N1-Me-Pseudo UTP) is an mRNA sequence encoding firefly luciferase, which can express luciferase protein in cells after transfection, and is commonly used in gene regulation, cell viability assay, ATP level analysis and in vivo imaging, etc. It can be used as a positive control for mRNA transfection, and yellow-green fluorescence is observed at 560 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate serves as a potent fluorophore to assay acid lipase activity in human leukocytes, with its fluorescence significantly affected by acidity and solvent properties. In near-neutral aqueous solutions, it predominates in a neutral molecular form, emitting strong fluorescence at 445 nm, whereas in weakly alkaline solutions, it primarily exists in an anionic form, resulting in even stronger fluorescence at the same wavelength [1] [2].

Biotin-SRC-1 (676–700), a biotinylated and truncated variant of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1), finds application in affinity-based reporter assays such as time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) and amplified luminescent proximity homogenous assay (ΑLPHASCREEN™).

JQ1-FITC, a fluorescent BET bromodomain probe, exhibits high affinity binding to BRD4(BD1) and BRD4(BD2), with KD,app values of 6.5 nM and 5.8 nM respectively, as determined using GST-tagged BRD4 proteins in a CoraFluorTR-FRET assay; for BRD4(BD1), the value is 58.7 nM in a fluorescence anisotropy assay. It has excitation and emission maxima (λ) of 495 nm and 525 nm.

CoraFluor 1, an amine-reactive terbium-based compound, serves as a potent donor in time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assays, including applications in target engagement and ternary complex assessments. Its formulation, featuring a PFP ester, allows efficient bonding with primary amines, thus facilitating the labeling of various biomolecules like antibodies, nanobodies, proteins, and peptides. Notably, CoraFluor 1 surpasses other TR-FRET donors in brightness, assay sensitivity, and stability within biological environments. Additionally, it is fully compatible with prevalent acceptor dyes, including FAM, TMR, and Cyanine 5, SE, making it an ideal choice for high-throughput screening endeavors.

2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) is a non-fluorescent probe that is oxidized by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to produce the highly fluorescent 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein (DCF).DCFH is commonly used to assay the intracellular level of ROS, to detect ROS production and to analyze oxidative stress.