20(s)-ginsenoside rg-3

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) possess an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells via inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. It inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) and has anti-angiogenesis activities.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

1-Methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline (1-Methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline) is an alkaloid from Ailanthus altissima.

Pyruvic aldehyde (2-Oxopropanal) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that can be converted to lactic acid by evolution from DHA and GLA.

Trilinolein (1,2,3-Trilinoleoylglycerol) is a triacylglycerol and has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. It is also an antioxidant.

Liquiritin (Liquiritigenin-4'-O-glucoside) (LIQ) is a main component among the licorice flavonoids, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities.

alpha-D-glucose (α-Dextrose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Monobutyl phthalate, the main metabolite of dibutyl phthalate, is an embryotoxin with antiandrogenic properties.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

Melatonin (Melatonine) is a natural hormone secreted by the pineal gland that activates melatonin receptors. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the biological clock and also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

trans-Chalcone (Chalkone) is an aromatic ketone that forms the central core for a variety of important biological compounds, which are known collectively as chalcones.

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (Calcium pantothenate), a kind of water soluble vitamin, can reduce the patulin content of the apple juice.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) provides cellular energy, participates in overall energy balance, and maintains intracellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule through interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a variety of processes including neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodeling.

Quercetin Dihydrate (Sophoretin) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that was found in a wide variety of plant-based foods, such as apples, onions, berries, and red wine. It is used for their nervous system and anticancer effects.

Oxaloacetic acid, also known as oxosuccinic acid or oxalacetic acid, is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid appearing as an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. In vivo, oxaloacetate (the ionized form of oxaloacetic acid) is formed by the oxidation of L-mal

D-Mannose (D-(+)-Mannose) is a carbohydrate. D-Mannose plays an important role in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of specific proteins.

1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithian) is a protected formaldehyde anion equivalent that could serve as a useful labeled synthon. 1,3-Dithiane is also a sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products found in boiled beef extracts.

L-Ornithine ((S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid) exhibits an anti-fatigue function by promoting ammonia excretion and enhancing energy consumption efficiency.

(±)-Naringenin (Naringenine) is a natural product. It displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (Glycyrrhizin) , an extensively used anti-inflammatory agent, is isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid, which inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, the main and sweet component of licorice, has been studied for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with potassium loss and sodium retention, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as inhibited the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Usnic Acid (Usniacin) is an antimicrobial, antitumor and enzyme inhibiting agent shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mouse-liver mitochondria. Usnic acid induces necrosis in certain cells.