1-deoxysphingosine (m18:1)

1-Deoxysphingosine (m18:1(4E)) is an atypical sphingolipid that contains a double bond at the 4E native position and is formed when serine palmitoyltransferase condenses palmitoyl-CoA with alanine instead of serine during sphingolipid synthesis.1,2 Plasma levels of 1-deoxysphingosine (m18:1(4E)) are increased in patients with chronic idiopathic axonal neuropathy (CIAP) and diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN).3 |1. Steiner, R., Saied, E.M., Othman, A., et al. Elucidating the chemical structure of native 1-deoxysphingosine. J. Lipid Res. 57(7), 1194-1203 (2016).|2. Alecu, I., Othman, A., Penno, A., et al. Cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids are metabolized by a cytochrome P450-dependent pathway. J. Lipid Res. 58(1), 60-71 (2017).|3. Hube, L., Dohrn, M.F., Karsai, G., et al. Metabolic syndrome, neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids and nervous tissue inflammation in chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP). PLoS One 12(1):e0170583, (2017).

1-Deoxysphingosine (m18:1(14Z)) is an unconventional sphingolipid featuring a (14Z) double bond at the n-4 position, synthesized when serine palmitoyltransferase combines palmitoyl-CoA with alanine, not serine, during sphingolipid production. Unlike typical sphingolipids, it lacks the essential C1-hydroxyl group for standard degradation but undergoes metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamilies CYP4A and CYP4F in MEF cells.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Remibrutinib inhibits BTK activity with an IC50 value of 0.023 μM in blood. Remibrutinib is an effective and orally active Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IC50: 1 nM). Remibrutinib has the potential for Chronic urticaria (CU) treatment.

Fulvestrant (ZM 182780) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (IC50=9.4 nM) and an agonist of GPR30. Fulvestrant has antitumor activity, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

BMS-202 (PD1-PDL1 inhibitor 2) is an inhibitor of the PD-1 (Programmed death- 1) PD-Ll (Programmed death-ligand 1) protein protein interaction.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a natural hormone-like substance involved in various physiological functions, including the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, dilation and constriction of blood vessels, regulation of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. It can be used to induce neuropathic pain models.

UK 227786 is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), used for treatment of prostatic diseases.

Lathosterol, a molecule akin to cholesterol, serves as a biomarker for the body's total cholesterol synthesis, as indicated by its serum concentration.

C 021 dihydrochloride is a potent CCR4 antagonist. C-021 (4-Quinazolinamine, 2-[1,4'-bipiperidin]-1'-yl-N-cycloheptyl-6,7-dimethoxy-) dihydrochloride potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in humans and mice with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. It effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [35S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor (IC50: 18 nM).

USP30 inhibitor 18 is a selective USP30 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. USP30 inhibitor 18 increases protein ubiquitination and accelerates mitophagy[1]. [1]. Arthur F Kluge, et al. Novel highly selective inhibitors of ubiquitin specific protease 30 (USP30) accelerate mitophagy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2018 Aug 15;28(15):2655-2659.

CRK12-IN-1 is a potent CRK12 inhibitor with insecticidal activity and exhibits inhibitory effects on Trypanosoma brucei (T.b. brucei) and Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense) with EC50s of 1.3 and 18 nM, respectively, rapidly killing the pathogenic cells.

(S,R)-LSN 3318839 enhances GLP-1R, shows strong blood sugar lowering in animals, works with sitagliptin.

SSR504734 is an orally active, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human, rat, and mouse GlyT1 (IC50 = 18, 15, and 38 nM, respectively). SSR504734 exhibits activity in schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression models [1].

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

p-Toluic Acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. 4-Methylbenzoic acid has been primarily detected in saliva. Within the cell, 4-methylbenzoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm.

Compound Fr16683 is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is Fr16683 and the CAS number is 699-83-2.

Betaine chloride (Betaine hydrochloride) is an acidic form of betaine, a vitamin-like substance observed in grains and other foods; gains the amplification of DNA by decreasing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions.

Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues and is one of the constituents of bile acids. Taurine is involved in a number of processes related to energy expenditure and muscle function, and can treat fatigue and muscles as well as improve immune function.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

L-Tryptophan (Tryptophane), an essential amino acid, is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid) and of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It can be a precursor to NIACIN, although inefficiently in mammals.

Indomethacin is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. It exhibits good blood-brain barrier permeability and shows significant anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-infective activities. Indomethacin is widely used in research related to cancer, inflammation, and viral infections, and is also commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models in animals.