thyroid hormone α

TR antagonist 1 is a highly potent thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonist (IC50 of 36 and 22 nM for TRα and TRβ, respectively) that can be used to study diseases caused by endocrine abnormalities.

NH-3 is a potent orally active thyroid hormone receptor (THR) antagonist which exhibits reversible behavior, demonstrated by an IC 50 of 55 nM. Derived from the selective thyromi-metic GC-1, NH-3 effectively inhibits the binding of thyroid hormones to their respective receptors, resulting in hindered cofactor recruitment.

L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is the major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. L-Thyroxine (NSC 36397) is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Tiratricol (3,3',5-Triiodothyroacetic acid) is a metabolite of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones; promoted for hyperlipidemia, localized lipodystrophy, and obesity. Tiratricol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome.

Liothyronine (Tresitope) is a synthetic and highly active thyroid hormone that acts as an effective agonist of TRα and TRβ (Ki = 2.33 nM for both hTRα and hTRβ). It activates the TRβ1 receptor, promotes the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, accelerates the oxidative processes in tissue cells, maintains basal metabolic rate, and supports normal growth and development. Liothyronine can be used to induce hyperthyroidism models.

Reverse T3 (3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) inhibits the increase of sodium current generated by other thyroid hormone analogs in neonatal rat myocytes.

Liothyronine Sodium is the sodium salt form of liothyronine, a synthetic form of the levorotatory isomer of the naturally occurring thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Liothyronine sodium (3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine sodium) binds to nuclear thyroid receptors which then bind to thyroid hormone response elements of target genes. As a result, liothyronine sodium induces gene expression that is required for normal growth and development. Liothyronine sodium is more potent and has a more rapid action than thyroxine (T4).

Protirelin Acetate(24305-27-9 free base) (Thyroliberin Acetate) is a tripeptide that stimulates the release of thyrotropin and prolactin.

Methylthiouracil is a thiourea-class antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones and is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism. Studies have shown that Methylthiouracil can also suppress the production of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as inhibit the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2. It can be used to induce hyperlipidemia and neurological disorder models.

3,5-Diiodothyropropionic acid (C082182) is a thyroid hormone analog. It induces α-myosin heavy chain mRNA expression, binds to thyroid hormone receptor (Ka: 2.40 M and 4.06 M for TRα1 and TRβ1).

THR-β Agonist 6, a selective and orally active compound targeting the thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β), demonstrates specificity with EC50 values of 0.03 μM for THR-β and 0.22 μM for THR-α. This compound boasts a remarkable liver-to-serum ratio of 93:1 in mouse models, underscoring its efficacy and potential for research in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].