symptoms

Iloperidone (HP 873) is an atypical antipsychotic agent that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.

Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1 Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

Epristeride (ONO-9302) is an orally active, selective and non-competitive steroidal 5-α-reductase isoform 2 inhibitor that inhibits SR isoform 2.Episteride reduces prostate size and improves symptoms in men with BPH.Episteride induces atrophy and apoptosis of the ventral prostate in rats.

Elismetrep (MT-8554) is an orally available TRPM8 inhibitor with potential analgesic activity for the study of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Silperisone HCl (RGH-5002) blocks sodium and calcium channels in cells, decreases excitability and contractility of muscle cells, reduces peripheral tone, and acts as a muscle relaxant and peripheral vasodilator. Silperisone HCl is used to treat recurrent painful myoclonus due to spinal cord injury, abnormal hypertonia due to cerebrovascular disease, dystonia symptoms, cone tension syndrome, multiple sclerosis myospasm and myelitis. silperisone is a sodium channel protein type 2 alpha channel blocker. silperisone is an organosilicon similar to tolperisone, an organosilicon compound with centrally acting muscle relaxant properties.

Nolomirole is a dopamine receptor agonist that reduces symptoms of congestive heart failure caused by monoclinine.

Pavinetant (MLE-4901) is an orally available neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) antagonist used to improve menopausal symptoms.

TAK-418 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of LSD1 KDM1A enzyme with an IC50 of 2.9 nM. TAK-418 unlocks abnormal epigenetic mechanisms and improves autism symptoms in models of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Valdecoxib (SC 65872) is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications.

Propoxur (Propoxure) is an insecticide used to control cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, and lawn and turf insects. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to propoxur by ingestion leads to cholinesterase inhibition of red blood cells, with mild cholinergic symptoms including blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and tachycardia; however, the effects are transient. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure has resulted in depressed cholinesterase levels, headaches, vomiting, and nausea in humans. Chronic ingestion studies in animals have reported depressed cholinesterase levels, depressed body weight, effects to the liver and bladder, and a slight increase in neuropathy. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of propoxur in humans. Mixed results are available from cancer studies of propoxur in animals. EPA has not classified propoxur for carcinogenicity.

Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is one of the older preparations used for the therapy of scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei. Its symptoms are red spots, severe itching (particularly at night), and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is useful in the therapy of scabies because it is lethal to this mite. It is also used for the therapy of lice affection of the body and head. Benzyl benzoate is not the therapy of choice for scabies because of its irritant properties.

L-Ornithine L-aspartate (Ornithine Aspartate) lowers blood ammonia concentration and to eliminate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with liver cirrhosis.

Zileuton (A 64077) is a synthetic derivative of hydroxyurea with antiasthmatic properties. The leukotriene inhibitor zileuton blocks 5-lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid; causes bronchodilation; decreases bronchial mucous secretion and edema; and may prevent or decrease the symptoms of asthma.

Soy Isoflavone is extracted from the seeds of leguminous plants. The isoflavones in soybeans are natural phytoestrogens, which have good medicinal value and can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women, relieve menopausal symptoms, and increase bone density.

Mebhydrolin napadisylate (Incidal) is an antihistamine used to relieve allergic symptoms caused by histamine release, including nasal allergies and allergic dermatosis.

Buflomedil hydrochloride (Fonzylane), a vasodilator, is used in therapy of claudication or the symptoms of the peripheral arterial disease.

Deltamethrin (RU 22974), a neurotoxic pyrethroid insecticide, produces a reversible sequence of motor symptoms in rats involving hind limb rigidity and choreoathetosis.Deltamethrin is globally used in crop protection, control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. It is easily degradable.

Acotiamide monohydrochloride trihydrate (Z-338 HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of acotiamide, a prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. Although the exact mechanism by which acotiamide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach). Increased Ach concentrations lead to an improvement of gastric emptying and GI motility and eventually to a reduction of dyspepsia symptoms.

Amoxapine (CL-67772) exerts its antidepressant effect by inhibiting the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. This drug is used to treat symptoms of depression and may cause tardive dyskinesia. Amoxapine also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which accounts for many of the side effects seen with this agent.

Metoclopramide (5-Chloro-2-methoxyprocainamide) is a dopamine D2 antagonist which has been used for treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms over the last thirty years. In various countries, metoclopramide is the antiemetic drug of choice in pregnant women. Findings provide reassurance regarding the safety of metoclopramide for the fetus when the drug is given to women to relieve nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Evidence also supports its use for gastroparesis (poor stomach emptying) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It appears to bind to dopamine D2 receptors where it is a receptor antagonist, and is also a mixed 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 5-HT4 receptor agonist.

Desloratadine (Sch34117) is a long-acting piperidine derivate with selective H1 antihistaminergic and non-sedating properties. Desloratadine diminishes the typical histaminergic effects on H1-receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Desloratadine is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms.

Fexofenadine (Carboxyterfenadine), an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug, is used to treat allergy symptoms, such as nasal congestion, hay fever, and urticaria. Compared to first-generation antihistamines, Fexofenadine is less able to pass the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation.

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (BAY12-8039 HCl) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as atypical pathogens. Moxifloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy and to rare instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice.