sap1

SAP1 is a bioactive peptide that inhibits viral entry into cells.

SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) is a synthetic peptide composed of 15 amino acids, derived from human beta-defensin 3, with the ability to penetrate cells and mitigate intracellular inflammation. It achieves its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the phosphorylation of HDAC5, which in turn reduces NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In macrophages stimulated with LPS, SAP15 suppresses the phosphorylation of both HDAC5 and NF-κB p65, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory actions. Furthermore, treatment with SAP15 in LPS-induced chondrocytes elevates aggrecan and type II collagen levels while reducing osteocalcin expression. This peptide is valuable for exploring inflammation regulation and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies in biomaterials.

SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) acetate is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide composed of 15 amino acids, designed from human β-defensin 3. It can penetrate cells and downregulate intracellular inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5, thereby reducing the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65, which in turn suppresses inflammatory responses. Additionally, SAP15 acetate inhibits the phosphorylation of HDAC5 and NF-κBp65 in LPS-induced macrophages. Treatment with SAP15 acetate enhances the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen while reducing osteocalcin expression in LPS-induced chondrocytes. This compound is useful for research related to the modulation of inflammation and anti-inflammatory properties in biomaterials.

Nifuratel (SAP 113) is a local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally.

T-5224 is a selective inhibitor of the transcription factor c-Fos/activator protein (AP)-1 with anti-inflammatory effects. T-5224 specifically suppresses the DNA-binding activity of c-Fos/c-Jun, thereby inhibiting IL-1β-induced transcriptional upregulation of Mmp-3, Mmp-13, and Adamts-5, without affecting the binding activity of other transcription factors. T-5224 can be used in research on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and cartilage degeneration.