rock-2-in-2

ROCK HDAC-IN-2 (Compound C-9) is a dual inhibitor of ROCK HDAC, characterized by IC50 values of 0.185 µM for HDAC6, 0.8 µM for ROCK1, and 0.7 µM for ROCK2. It effectively induces apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential alterations in cancer cells and demonstrates notable antitumor activity, making it useful for research in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

ROCK-IN-2 (Azaindole 1) is a selective and ATP-competitive ROCK inhibitor with IC50 of 0.6 and 1.1 nM for human ROCK-1 and ROCK-2.

ROCK2-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of ROCK2, with an IC50 of less than 1 μM.

ROCK HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 10h) serves as an orally effective inhibitor of ROCK HDAC. This compound suppresses ROCK1 2 (IC50: 254.9 nM, 58.18 nM) and HDAC1 2 3 6 8 (IC50: 9.09, 8.03, 6.26, 0.41, 7.69 nM). It stimulates the activation of DAMPs, notably calreticulin (CRT) exposure and HMGB1 release, suggesting its potential as an inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD). ROCK HDAC-IN-1 exhibits antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cells (IC50: 0.37 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells), inhibits tumor growth, activates T cells, and shows no significant toxicity.

ROCK-IN-D2 is an effective and selective inhibitor of ROCK.

Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg/ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg/ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg/kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).

1. beta-Asarone (Cis-Isoelemicin) may be a potential preventive drug for Alzheimer's disease. 2. Beta-Asarone prevents autophagy and synaptic loss by reducing ROCK expression in SAMP8 mice. 3. The co-administration of beta-Asarone(Cis-Isoasarone) and l-dopa may contribute to the treatment of 6-OHDA-induced damage in rats by inhibiting autophagy activity. 4. Beta-Asarone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathways in activated microglial cells and might be developed as a promising candidate to treat various neuroinflammatory diseases.

1. Coptisine (Coptisin) treatment increases cell viability based on its reversal effect on the enhanced activity of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase . 2. Coptisine treats myocardial I R likely through suppressing myocardial apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the Rho ROCK pathway. 3. Coptisine is a potential anti-osteosarcoma drug candidate, via exerting a strong anti-osteosarcoma effect with very low toxicity . 4. Coptisine with a high dosage could inhibit cholesterol synthesis via suppressing the HMGCR expression and promoting the use and excretion of cholesterol via up-regulating LDLR and CYP7A1 expression. 5. Coptisine suppresses adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro, the down-regulation of MMP-9 in combination with the increase of TIMP-1 possibly contributing to the anti-metastatic function for breast cancer.

Verosudil (AR-12286) is a highly potent Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor with a Ki of 2 nM and 2 nM against ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. AR-12286 mitigates steroid-induced intraocular pressure in mice by decreasing intraocular pressure through enhanced outflow of aqueous humor via the trabecular meshwork.

Rho-Kinase-IN-2 (Compound 23) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of Rho Kinase (ROCK) with CNS penetration, exhibiting a high affinity for ROCK2 with an IC50 of 3 nM. This compound is of potential interest for further investigations in Huntington's disease research [1].

Nocarnickelamides B (Compound 2) is a linear peptide and an inhibitor of ROCK1 2. It exhibits dual inhibitory activity against ROCK1 and ROCK2, with IC50 values of 14.9 μM and 21.9 μM, respectively. This compound binds to the ATP binding site and inhibits ROCK-mediated cytoskeletal contraction markers, such as myosin light chain activation. Nocarnickelamides B can be utilized in glaucoma research.