red fluorescent probe

DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR) red fluorescent probe with a long emission wavelength (λem = 656 nm) and a tunable excitation wavelength (600-650 nm). It can be designed for detecting the activities of various enzymes such as β-galactosidase, sulfatase, protein phosphatase 2A, carboxylesterase 2, human albumin, and esterases.

MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.

DAF-2 DA (5,6-Diaminofluorescein diacetate) is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe used for detecting nitric oxide (NO), requiring use in a serum-free environment free from phenol red interference. It has an excitation wavelength of 491 nm and an emission wavelength of 513 nm, with a commonly used working concentration of 1–10 μm.

Nuclear Fast Red is an anthraquinone dye that serves as a red nuclear counterstain when aluminum ions are present in excess, thereby aiding in histological visualization of nuclear components. Nuclear Fast Red additionally functions as a histochemical and colorimetric reagent for calcium detection,Nuclear Fast Red further acts as a highly sensitive “off/on” fluorescent probe for the detection of guanine, making it a multifunctional research reagent.

MitoSOX Red TFA (Mito-hydroethidine TFA) is a fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is susceptible to oxidation by superoxide, but is not easily oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red acts as a fluorescent indicator and can be used for live cell imaging.

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic carbonyl cyanine dye. JC-1 is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is relatively high, JC-1 converges in the matrix to form a polymer, which can produce red fluorescence (λex=585 nm, λem=590 nm). When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix and exists in the form of monomers to produce green fluorescence (λex=510 nm, λem=527 nm).

ATP-Red 1 is a fluorescent probe with good membrane permeability that selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular ATP concentrations in live cells.

2-Hydroxy nile red trifluoromethanesulfonate is a fluorescent probe that can be incorporated into oligonucleotides as a nucleotide substitute. It serves as a DNA probe to detect polarity changes in the tumor microenvironment.

Alexa Fluor 594 azide is a bright red fluorescent azide-activated probe that reacts with terminal alkynes via copper-catalyzed click reactions (CuAAC) for single-molecule imaging.

HB-2-30 is a far-red fluorescent transglutaminase 2 (TG2) probe for in vitro and in vivo endocytosis imaging. HB-2-30 complexes with TG2 and α2-macroglobulin for efficient endocytosis via the LRP1 pathway.

BP Fluor 594 alkyne is a bright red fluorescent alkyne-activated probe frequently utilized for imaging biomolecules containing azides. It reacts with azides via a copper-catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC) to form a stable triazole linkage.

BP Light 650 carboxylic acid is a vibrant far-red fluorescent dye, performing comparably or superiorly to other dyes [including BP Fluor 647 and Cy5 dyes], suitable for fluorescent applications. It serves as a molecular probe for labeling antibodies and other proteins, facilitating cellular imaging and various fluorescence detection techniques.

SiR-Hoechst is a far-red fluorescent DNA probe commonly utilized for live-cell time-lapse imaging. It exhibits minimal toxicity even at concentrations as high as 10-25 µM. However, at concentrations significantly below 1 µM, SiR-Hoechst can induce a DNA damage response and G2 arrest.

PMBD is a fluorescent probe targeting lysosomes (Lyso). It selectively and sensitively detects endogenous N-acylethanolamine amidase (NAAA), enabling real-time visual monitoring of endogenous NAAA in live cells. PMBD exhibits a maximum absorption peak at 350 nm. Following NAAA metabolism, the product AMBD shows a red-shifted maximum absorption peak at 450 nm, along with a distinct fluorescence emission signal at 550 nm.

RhFNMB is a dual-channel/dual-localization single-molecule fluorescent probe for ATP and HOCl. When combined with ATP, it shows a light red channel (λex = 520 nm, λem = 586 nm), while its combination with HOCl results in a dark red channel (λex = 620 nm, λem = 688 nm), and it features independent fluorescence responses.

Calcein Red AM, a red-emitting derivative of the green fluorophore calcein AM, is a cell-permeable, non-fluorescent acetoxymethyl ester compound commonly utilized to assess cell viability and cytotoxicity. following intracellular esterase cleavage, the fluorescent product is retained in live cells and exhibits characteristic excitation and emission peaks at 560 nm and 574 nm, respectively.

NIAD-4 is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent label targeting amyloid-beta (Ki=10 nM) capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It serves as a fluorophore for optical imaging of Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS) for Alzheimer's disease, with absorption peaks at 475–480 nm.

Resorufin benzyl ether is a fluorometric probe that acts as a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4. It is typically used near its apparent Km value of 30 μM to screen the inhibition/activation potential of test compounds, to predict potential drug-drug interactions, or to monitor other CYP450 activities. Upon enzyme cleavage, resorufin benzyl ether generates a red fluorescent product (ex. 571 nm/em. 585 nm).

RB-OPD, also known as NO-red, is a fluorescent probe that combines o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and rhodamine nitric oxide (NO). With a λex of 550 nm and a λem of 590 nm, it exhibits exceptional sensitivity and selectivity.

LysoTracker Red (LysoTracker Red DND-99) is a fluorescent probe compound for lysosomal capture, a transport substrate for P-glycoprotein, with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 577/590 nm.LysoTracker Red can be used for the long-term tracking of acidic vesicles.