red fluorescent probe

DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR) red fluorescent probe with a long emission wavelength (λem = 656 nm) and a tunable excitation wavelength (600-650 nm). It can be designed for detecting the activities of various enzymes such as β-galactosidase, sulfatase, protein phosphatase 2A, carboxylesterase 2, human albumin, and esterases.

MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.

DAF-2 DA (5,6-Diaminofluorescein diacetate) is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe used for detecting nitric oxide (NO), requiring use in a serum-free environment free from phenol red interference. It has an excitation wavelength of 491 nm and an emission wavelength of 513 nm, with a commonly used working concentration of 1–10 μm.

MitoSOX Red TFA (Mito-hydroethidine TFA) is a fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is susceptible to oxidation by superoxide, but is not easily oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red acts as a fluorescent indicator and can be used for live cell imaging.

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic carbonyl cyanine dye. JC-1 is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. When the mitochondrial membrane potential is relatively high, JC-1 converges in the matrix to form a polymer, which can produce red fluorescence (λex=585 nm, λem=590 nm). When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix and exists in the form of monomers to produce green fluorescence (λex=510 nm, λem=527 nm).

ATP-Red 1 is a fluorescent probe with good membrane permeability that selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular ATP concentrations in live cells.

2-Hydroxy nile red trifluoromethanesulfonate is a fluorescent probe that can be incorporated into oligonucleotides as a nucleotide substitute. It serves as a DNA probe to detect polarity changes in the tumor microenvironment.

Alexa Fluor 594 azide is a bright red fluorescent azide-activated probe that reacts with terminal alkynes via copper-catalyzed click reactions (CuAAC) for single-molecule imaging.

HB-2-30 is a far-red fluorescent transglutaminase 2 (TG2) probe for in vitro and in vivo endocytosis imaging. HB-2-30 complexes with TG2 and α2-macroglobulin for efficient endocytosis via the LRP1 pathway.

BP Fluor 594 alkyne is a bright red fluorescent alkyne-activated probe frequently utilized for imaging biomolecules containing azides. It reacts with azides via a copper-catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC) to form a stable triazole linkage.

BP Light 650 carboxylic acid is a vibrant far-red fluorescent dye, performing comparably or superiorly to other dyes [including BP Fluor 647 and Cy5 dyes], suitable for fluorescent applications. It serves as a molecular probe for labeling antibodies and other proteins, facilitating cellular imaging and various fluorescence detection techniques.

Calcein Red AM, a red-emitting derivative of the green fluorophore calcein AM, is a cell-permeable, non-fluorescent acetoxymethyl ester compound commonly utilized to assess cell viability and cytotoxicity. following intracellular esterase cleavage, the fluorescent product is retained in live cells and exhibits characteristic excitation and emission peaks at 560 nm and 574 nm, respectively.

NIAD-4 is a fluorescent probe that crosses the blood-brain barrier to bind with high affinity to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques (Ki = 10 nM). It displays excitation emission spectra of 475 625 nm, respectively, with the far-red emission occurring upon binding to Aβ.

Resorufin benzyl ether is a fluorometric probe that acts as a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4. It is typically used near its apparent Km value of 30 μM to screen the inhibition activation potential of test compounds, to predict potential drug-drug interactions, or to monitor other CYP450 activities. Upon enzyme cleavage, resorufin benzyl ether generates a red fluorescent product (ex. 571 nm em. 585 nm).

RB-OPD, also known as NO-red, is a fluorescent probe that combines o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and rhodamine nitric oxide (NO). With a λex of 550 nm and a λem of 590 nm, it exhibits exceptional sensitivity and selectivity.

LysoTracker Red (LysoTracker Red DND-99) is a fluorescent probe compound for lysosomal capture, a transport substrate for P-glycoprotein, with a maximum excitation emission wavelength of 577 590 nm.LysoTracker Red can be used for the long-term tracking of acidic vesicles.

Trx-red (NBL-SS perchlorate) is a red-emitting fluorescent probe derived from the Nile blue fluorophore, specifically designed for imaging thioredoxin (Trx) in live cells and in vivo, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 615 nm and 661 nm, respectively.

BSB ((trans,trans)-1-Bromo-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene) is a Congo red-derived fluorescent probe, an amyloid protein imaging agent, capable of interacting with amyloid fibrils formed by rat Aβ (1-40) peptide and selectively binding to compact plaques formed by prion proteins (PrP), used in studying neurodegenerative diseases.

4-Di-16-ASP, a green fluorescent membrane dye, exhibits lipophilic properties and functions as an aminostyryl probe with a broad emission spectrum, detectable through green, orange, or red filters. This compound is frequently utilized in neuronal membrane tracing, offering quicker diffusion compared to DiO [1].

OBI, a red-fluorescent probe designed for Red Broccoli, facilitates the detection of this RNA-based fluorophore in live mammalian cells, allowing for the monitoring of intracellular metabolites [1].

5-Nitro BAPTA, a calcium chelator, combined with 2-Me-substituted TM (as a fluorescent moiety), forms a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM) for imaging cytoplasmic Ca 2+ in cultured living cells. It serves as a building block for synthesizing Ca 2+ specific chelators, Ca 2+ buffers, and fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators [1] [2].

5-Nitro BAPTA tetramethyl ester, a calcium chelator, is involved in the synthesis of two-photon probes and is used for real-time imaging of intracellular calcium ions and monitoring calcium waves at depths of 100-300 μm in liver tissues for 1100-4000 s. Additionally, in conjunction with fluorescent compound 2-Me-substituted TM, it can form a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM) [1] [2].

Bella Fluor 594 Phalloidin, a photostable red-fluorescent probe, exhibits a high affinity for F-actin (Excitation Emission=581 609 nm) and is utilized for imaging cytoskeletal proteins [1] [2].

Fura Red AM, a fluorescent probe, is utilized for visualizing cytosolic [Ca(2+)] distribution in living plant tissue under an excitation wavelength of 488 nm [1].