non-toxicity

(S)-Carvedilol is a non-selective β α-1 blocker.It exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

Ethyl phenylacetate is a greener solvent with low toxicity. Ethyl phenylacetate is a non-mutagenic and is a Kosher food additive. Ethyl phenylacetate gives the wines a strong honey-like character. Ethyl phenylacetate is a natural flavoring ingredient, and its sensory threshold is near 73 µg L. 

(R)-Carvedilol is a non-selective blocker of β α-1. (R)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

Avitinib (AC0010), also known as AC0010 or AC0010MA, is an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, avitinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of Ys, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR.

Hexythiazox is a mite growth regulator and a thiazolidine based acaricide that has long-lasting effects against many kinds of mites and is applied at any stage of the plant growth from budding to fruiting.

Aflatoxin G2-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G2by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G2is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillus.1It is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 2.83 mg/kg) but is non-toxic to rats when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg.2 1.Bennett, J.W., and Klich, M.MycotoxinsClin. Microbiol. Rev.16(3)497-516(2003) 2.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogsCancer Res.31(12)1936-1942(1971)

C8 Galactosylceramide is a synthetic C8 short-chain derivative of known membrane microdomain-forming sphingolipids. It increases the amount delivered and toxicity of doxorubicin in cancerous but not non-cancerous cells when incorporated into the nanoliposomal membrane of nanoliposomal-doxorubicin. C8 Galactosylceramide induces proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes in vitro at concentrations ranging from 100-1,000 ng ml but has no effect on natural killer T cell production in vivo. It also activates NF-κB production in C6 glioma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

TunR2 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg/ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR2 is non-toxic toS. cerevisiae(MIC = >10 μg/ml) and does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. TunR2 also has reduced antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and CHO cells compared with tunicamycin. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)

Dihydroxyaflavinine is a fungal toxin, it inhibits non-competitively GABAA receptor channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes.Dihydroxyaflavinine shows oral toxicity to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and corn earworm (Heliothis zea).

BuChE-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of BuChE (IC50: 7.7 nM) and exhibits mild antioxidant capacity, non-toxicity, lipophilicity and neuroprotective effects.

Valganciclovir, the L-valyl ester of ganciclovir, is a prodrug effectively converted to ganciclovir in the body, serving as an antiviral medication for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. In vitro studies demonstrate that valganciclovir inhibits glycylsarcosine transport mediated by PEPT1 and PEPT2 in Caco-2 and SKPT cells, respectively, with competitive inhibition K(i) values of 1.68±0.30 mM for PEPT1 and 0.043±0.005 mM for PEPT2. Clinical trials indicate valganciclovir's non-inferior efficacy to ganciclovir in pre-emptive therapy for CMV, exhibiting no significant difference in viral clearance rates or toxicity levels between the treatments. Specifically, 89.5% of patients treated with valganciclovir and 83% treated with ganciclovir achieved viral clearance at 28 days (P=0.030 for non-inferiority). Additionally, valganciclovir prophylaxis at 450 mg twice daily prevented CMV reactivation in patients on an alemtuzumab-containing regimen, with none of the 20 patients experiencing reactivation (P=0.004).

Tet-20, a synthetic cathelicidin-derived peptide with biological activity, has been evaluated for its efficacy as an infection-resistant coating on medical devices. Upon surface tethering to implants, Tet-20 demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, inhibits biofilm formation, and maintains non-toxicity to eukaryotic cells both in vitro and in vivo.

HIV-1 Inhibitor-49, a HEPT analog, is an orally active non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent activity against HIV-1, demonstrating an IC 50 of 30 nM. It features an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and has shown to be potentially safe without acute toxicity in mouse models.

Ac-Val-Gln-aIle-Val-aTyr-Lys-NH2 exhibits serum stability and is non-toxic to neuronal cells, selectively inhibiting tau fibrillization over Aβ 42.

Diclofenac methyl ester is a hydrophobic prodrug form of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac . It is more soluble than diclofenac acid in isopropylmyristate. Diclofenac methyl ester does not permeate human epidermal membranes in vitro.

HRX-0233 is a small molecule inhibitor targeting MAP2K4. In vivo, HRX-0233 effectively reduces tumors in H358 KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without significant toxicity. This compound also prevents feedback activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) when used as a monotherapy with the KRAS inhibitor Sotorasib, leading to more sustained and comprehensive inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. HRX-0233 holds potential for research in AR-negative prostate cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.

JMX0293, an O-alkylamino-tethered salicylamide derivative, demonstrates strong efficacy against the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line with an IC50 of 3.38 μM, while showing minimal toxicity towards the non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, where its IC50 exceeds 60 μM. It inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, contributing to apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, and significantly suppresses MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor growth in vivo, all without notable toxicity.

Olmutinib (HM61713, BI 1482694) is an orally available small molecule, a mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Olmutinib binds to and inhibits mutant forms of EGFR, thereby leading to cell death of EGFR-expressing tumor cells. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced as compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit the EGFR wild-type form.

Fluensulfone (MCW-2) is a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl thioether group that has significantly reduced environmental impact with low toxicity to non-target insects and mammals.

Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX LOX inhibitor potentially for treating osteoarthritis, acting as both an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. By inhibiting 5-LOX, it may reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which only inhibit COX (cyclooxygenase).

Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of trigl

Arsenobetaine, an organoarsenical and compatible solute, is discovered in numerous marine animals like lobsters and crabs, and terrestrial organisms such as earthworms and lichens. It protects against B. subtilis cell death caused by high osmolarity or extreme temperatures at 1 mM concentration. Notably, arsenobetaine exhibits non-toxicity to mice with an LD50 of 10 g/kg.

Insecticidal Agent 7 (Compound 21m) is an insecticide that acts on insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), exhibiting a potency with a LC 50 of 0.0937 mg L against Plutella xylostella. It demonstrates significant selectivity and minimal toxicity toward non-target organisms [1].

BP-M345 (compound 5) serves as a powerful antiproliferative agent that selectively targets cancer cells while demonstrating minimal toxicity to non-tumor cells. It effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation, achieving a GI 50 value between 0.17 to 0.45 μM [1].