mitogenic

SKI V is a potent and noncompetitive non-lipid sphingosine kinase (SPHK; SK) inhibitor (GST-hSK,IC50 : 2 μM), and is a PI3K inhibitor(hPI3k,IC50 : 6 μM), induces apoptosis and has antitumor activity

BPDA2 is a highly selective and competitive SHP2 inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 92.0 nM for SHP2, and 33.39 μM and 40.71 μM for SHP1 and SHP1B, respectively. This compound effectively downregulates mitogenic and cell survival signaling, including reducing expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Furthermore, BPDA2 suppresses SHP2-mediated signaling, leading to the inhibition of breast cancer cell phenotypes [1].

Tacrolimus monohydrate (LCP-Tacro) is a macrolide from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis, binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP) to form a complex. Tacrolimus inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Immunosuppressive properties. It prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro and has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo.

5α-Pregnane-3β,6α-diol-20-one is a mitogenic metabolite derived from progesterone, synthesized by androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells under starvation conditions.

Reveromycin A is the major component of a complex of spiroketal antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. It inhibits the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor in Balb MK cells (IC50 = 0.7 μg ml), displays antiproliferative activity against human KB and K562 tumor cell lines (IC50s = 1.9 and 1.6 μg ml, respectively), and demonstrates antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC = 2 μg ml at pH 3). Reveromycin A also has been shown to inhibit bone resorption by inducing apoptosis in osteoclasts with an IC50 value of 0.7 μM.

12(S)-HETE, a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, is mitogenic for cancer cell proliferation and enhances angiotensin II-induced contraction of BLT2 (type 2 receptor in arteries of leukotriene B4 mice) and TP (thromboxane receptor)-mediated mechanisms. 12(S)-HETE promotes superoxide and isothromboxane-like metabolites in arterial endothelial cells. production.

Tetranactin is a macrotetrolide and a monovalent cation ionophore that has been found in S. aureus and has antibacterial, insecticidal, and mitogenic activities. It exhibits an equilibrium permeability ratio 1,000-fold greater for lithium than sodium or cesium ions accross bilayer membranes at low voltages. Tetranactin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and C. miyabeanus and R. solani fungi when used at concentrations less than 0.9 μg/ml. Tetranactin (0.5-1.5 μg per insect) dose-dependently increases the mortality of adult C. chinensis weevils up to 100% and has mitogenic activity against T. telarius when sprayed onto plants with an LC50 value of 9.2 μg/ml. It reduces IL-1β- and cAMP-induced secretion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from rat mesangial cells (IC50s = 43 and 33 nM, respectively). Tetranactin (50 ng/ml) suppresses the proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by allogeneic cells and IL-2 and supresses the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures. In vivo, tetranactin (10 mg/animal per day) completely inhibits the formation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats.

Reveromycin D is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces. It inhibits EGF-induced mitogenic activity in Balb MK cells and exhibits pH-dependent antifungal activity against C. albicans [MICs = 2 and >500 μg ml at pH 3 and 7.4, respectively]. Reveromycin D also inhibits the proliferation of KB and K562 cells [IC50s = 1.6 and 1.3 μg ml, respectively].

Reveromycin B is a spiroketal bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces. It inhibits EGF-induced mitogenic activity in Balb MK cells (IC50 = 6 μg ml) and exhibits pH-dependent antifungal activity against C. albicans [MICs = 15.6 and >500 μg ml at pH 3.0 and 7.4, respectively]. Unlike reveromycin A and reveromycin C, reveromycin B does not inhibit the proliferation of KB and K562 cells.

Epiderstatin is isolated from Streptomyces pulveraceus subsp. epiderstagenes; inhibits mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor.

Myelopeptide-2, a peptide isolated from the supernatant of porcine bone marrow cell cultures, can restore the mitogenic reactivity of human T lymphocytes inhibited by HL-60 leukemia cells or measles virus conditions. It also enhances depressed interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, playing a role in immunity homeostasis. This compound shows potential for application in antitumor and antivirus research [1] [2].

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Guinea pig TFA, a trophic and mitogenic factor, promotes growth in cultured whole embryos and acts as a gastrointestinal hormone, while also indicating potential neurotransmitter functions [1] [2].

Potent insulinotropic hormone synthesized by duodenal K-cells. High affinity GIP receptor agonist (EC50 = 0.81 nM) that inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates pancreatic insulin release in response to glucose. Also affects lipid metabolism and dis

ERKtide is a biologically active peptide and a substrate for Extracellular regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2), a eukaryotic protein kinase regulated by mitogenic stimuli.

Keratin sulfate is a heparin-related proteoglycan that can interact with receptors or alter their stability and function. Unlike some other compounds, keratin sulfate does not enhance the mitogenic effect of FGF-2.