lx-2 cells

SEW 2871 is an orally available, highly selective S1P1 agonist with an EC50 of 13.8 nM.It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood and is used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammation. It activates ERK, Akt and Rac signaling pathways and induces S1P1 internalization and recycling.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Ferroptosis-IN-16 (Compound 13l) acts as a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, demonstrating EC50 values of 0.7 nM in ES-2 cells and 0.9 nM in LX-2 cells. It effectively alleviates acute liver injury induced by Acetaminophen in mouse models and shows excellent metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes.

Dual Galectin-3 EGFR-IN-1 (Compound 29) is a dual inhibitor targeting Galectin-3 and EGFR, with dissociation constants (KD) of 52.29 μM and 3.31 μM, respectively. It inhibits TGF-β-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, induces apoptosis in LX-2 cells, and shows antifibrotic activity in the liver.

C18 dihydro Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and precursor in the de novo synthesis of C18 ceramide that lacks the 4,5-trans double bond. [1] Increased C18 dihydroceramide lipid levels lead to increased triacylglycerol storage and autophagosome accumulation as well as upregulation of the fibrosis markers α-SMA and FGF2 in Chang and LX-2 liver cells. C18 dihydro Ceramide is elevated in the plasma of pre-diabetics up to 9 years prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes. [2] It is also elevated in the skin of patients with lesional atopic dermatitis.[3]

The anti-inflammatory agent 41 (13a) markedly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in J774A.1, THP-1, and LX-2 cells, while also preventing the activation of the NF-κB pathway [1].