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Safflower yellow is extracted from the flowers of the plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and as the traditional Chinese medicine it has been extensively used for the treatment of cardio cerebrovascular diseases.

Safflower yellow (Saffron powder) is extracted from the flowers of the plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). As traditional Chinese medicine, safflower has been extensively used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

D-Panthenol (D-Pantothenyl alcohol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent. D-Panthenol acts as a precursor of coenzyme A necessary for acetylation reactions and is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Although the exact mechanism of the actions of D-Panthenol is unclear, it may enhance the effect of acetylcholine. D-Panthenol acts on the gastrointestinal tract and increases lower intestinal motility. It is also applied topically to the skin to relieve itching and to promote healing.

(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid is a small molecule compound isolated from the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R. M. Sm. It is a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor with hepatoprotective, antiamnesic, and cognitive enhancement activities, and it can be used to lower blood pressure sugar.

Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Increasing evidence supports a role for an elevation of homocysteine in schizophr

α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and is obtained by isolating it from seed oils. α-Linolenic acid has been shown to improve memory, inhibit thrombosis, and lower blood lipids.

1. Corylifol A (Corylinin) displays cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, with IC50 values of 4.6 and 13.5 ug ml, respectively. 2. Corylifol A and Biochanin A can be the potential uncouplers of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-postsynaptic density protein-95. 3. Corylifol A and bavachin are strong inhibitors of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) with the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) values lower than 1 uM.4. Corylifol A and bakuchiol are naturally occurring potent inhibitors of hCE2, with low Ki values ranging from 0.62uM to 3.89 uM. 5. Corylifol A shows an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells with IC50 values of 0.81 ± 0.15 uμ, it also inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 in Hep3B cells, suggests that corylifol A has antiinflammatory activity.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

Liquiritigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-apiofuranoside, a flavonoid extracted from Glycyrrhiza roots, exhibits low cytotoxicity on a variety of tumor and normal cells.

D-Thyroxine (Dextroxin) could lower cholesterol and also increases hepatic lipase which in turn improves utilization of triglycerides, leading to improve apolipoprotein E cholesterol particles.

Asperosaponin VI (Akebia saponin D) , the most abundant constituent of the rhizome of Dipsacus asper, has been used for the treatment of lower back pain, traumatic hematoma and bone fractures.

Herkinorin is an opioid analgesic and an analogue of the natural product Salvinorin A. herkinorin is a μ-opioid agonist with more than 100x higher μ-opioid affinity and 50x lower κ-opioid affinity compared to Salvinorin A. Herkinorin is a semi-synthetic c

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

(±)-Equol ((R,S)-Equol) is a non-steroidal estrogen produced from the metabolism of the isoflavonoid phytoestrogen daidzen by human intestinal microflora. The estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity of the naturally occurring (S)-enantiomer (EC50 = 85 and 65 nM for human ERα and ERβ, respectively) is similar to that of genistein but exceeds that of daidzein. (±)-Equol preferentially binds ERβ (Ki = 0.73 nM) and demonstrates approximately 9-fold lower affinity for ERα (Ki = 6.41 nM). (±)-Equol is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone, which has important implications for prostate cancer and other androgen-mediated pathologies.

Methyl deacetylasperulosidate (6α-Hydroxygeniposide) is a natual product isolated from the herbs of Hedyotis diffusa Willd,it can lower the blood glucose level in normal mice.

1. Periplocin (Periplocoside) has anti-cancer effects on lung cancer cells, induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of cancer cells by the beta-catenin Tcf signaling pathway. 2. Periplocin is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, reinforcement of bones and tendons, palpitations or shortness of breath and lower extremity edema in traditional medicine.

Delta-Tocopherol, an isomer of Vitamin E, possesses antioxidant activity and may serve as an effective ingredient in whitening cosmetics with reduced skin toxicity.

Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Compound 1), a lignan with anti-HBV activity, selectively targets the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) with an IC50 of 0.58 mM, while its activity against the HBV e antigen (HBeAg) is significantly lower, with an IC50 of >2.4 mM. This compound can be isolated from the plant star anise [1].

Isoguaiacin, a natural product [1], exhibits (hass) the potential to be (to exist as) an (a) effective pharmacological agent due to its (its) ability to inhibit (the inhibition of) mushroom tyrosinase. This (The) inhibition is (taking place) in a manner that demonstrates greater (a higher) selectivity towards mushroom tyrosinase compared to human tyrosinase, suggesting a reduced (a lower) risk of off-target effects in humans. Additionally, isoguaiacin shows (displays) promising (promising) activity against (in combating) certain cancer cell lines, further affirming its potential as (an) anticancer agent.

Gangliotetraose (Gg4), a tetrasccharide, predominantly comprises GM1 and its sialylated derivatives, which play a crucial role in modulating nuclear Ca2+ efflux and maintaining lower nuclear Ca2+ levels in differentiated neurons. Moreover, GM1 influences neuronal plasticity, repair mechanisms, and neurotrophin release in the brain [1] [2].

(+)-Menthyl acetate, extracted from the essential oil of Cunila angustifolia Benth, exhibits selective cytotoxicity, demonstrating higher efficacy against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 34.0 μg mL and lower efficacy against the SK-Mel-28 cell line, where the IC50 is 279.9 μg mL, when tested on A549 cells without fatal consequences [1].

Ficusin has antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects, it can lower the levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, body weight gain in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats, and can significantly enhance the PPARγ expression and improve the transl

3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid exhibits moderate antibacterial activity and strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (SC50 of 123.3 ug mL), while demonstrating a lower capacity to stimulate murine peritoneal macrophages to release nitric oxide and tumoural-alpha necrose factor.