intake

SB-334867 free base (SB334867A free base) is a selective antagonist of the orexin-1 (OX1) receptor.

Dirlotapide (CP742033) is an intestinal selective microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor. It reduces body weight in diabetic dogs.Dirlotapide reduces food intake in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by increasing the release of peptide YY into the circulation.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

Cevoglitazar (LBM-642) is a PPARɑ agonist and PPARγ agonist. Cevoglitazar potently reduces food intake and body weight in obese mice and cynomolgus monkeys.

SR-3306 is a brain-penetrant and selective pan-JNK (JNK1 2 3) inhibitor with IC50 values ​​of 67 nM, 283 nM, 159 nM, respectively, and reduces food intake and body weight.

Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Increasing evidence supports a role for an elevation of homocysteine in schizophr

1. Stearic acid (Cetylacetic acid) can reduce metastatic tumor burden. 2. Stearic acid leads to dramatically reduced visceral fat likely by causing the apoptosis of preadipocytes. 3. Stearic acid and its derivatives have been used as gelators in food and pharmaceutical gel formulations. 4. Stearic acid is a potent phosphatase 1B inhibitor, possibly causing an enhancement in the insulin receptor signaling to stimulate glucose uptake into adipocytes. 5. Stearic acid has the potential to increase dry matter intake and yields of milk and milk components, without affecting conversion of feed to milk, body condition score, or body weight.

Methyl syringate (Syringic Acid Methyl Ester) has a unique inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production with a different mode of action from that of gallic acid. Methyl syringate from K. pictus is a specific and selective activator of hTRPA1, can regulate food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway and, by extension, can contribute to weight suppression.

Iron(II) fumarate (Iron Fumarate) is the iron(II) salt of fumaric acid, a reddish-orange powder, applied to supply iron intake.

L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase in a non-competitive manner, thereby preventing glucose elevation induced by sucrose intake.

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) has recently been shown to induce G2 M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K Akt signaling pathways. Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) , a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

Niacinamide is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutr

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of alkylresorcinols in human urine and plasma, a potential biomarker of food intake such as beer, nuts, peanuts, and legumes, and a selective hydroxycarboxylic acid 1 (HCA1) inhibitor.

HS 014 acetate is a potent and selective melanocortin MC4 receptor antagonist (Ki values are 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for cloned human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors respectively). Increases food intake in rats and nociception in mice following central

RLX-33 is a potent and selective antagonist of relaxin family peptide 3 (RXFP3) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and also blocks relaxin 3-induced ERK1 2 phosphorylation. RLX-33 can block the increase in food intake induced by the RXFP3 selective agonist R3 I5 in rats.RLX-33 can be used to study the metabolic syndrome.

PRX-07034 hydrochloride is a selective antagonist of 5-HT6 receptor. It has cognition and memory-enhancing properties and potently decreases food intake and body weight in rodents. PRX-07034 hydrochloride is both a potent (Ki = 4-8 nM) and highly selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist (≥100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT(6) receptor compared to 68 other GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters, except D(3) (Ki = 71 nM) and 5-HT(1B) (Ki = 260 nM) receptors.

M40 acetate is a potent, non-selective galanin receptor antagonist (Ki values are 1.82 and 5.1 nM at GAL1 and GAL2 respectively) that inhibits galanin (1-29) binding in rat brain in vitro (IC50 = 3 - 15 nM). Attenuates the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and blocks galanin-induced food intake in vivo. Also exhibits weak partial agonist activity at peripheral GAL2 receptors at doses > 100 nM.

GPI-1046 is an immunophilin ligand without antibiotic action and attenuates ethanol intake in part through the upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in PFC and NAc-core.

MCL0020 is a potent and selective melanocortin MC4 receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 11.63, 1115, and >10,000 nM at MC4, MC3, and MC1 receptors, respectively). It significantly reverses stress-induced anorexia without affecting food intake in free-feeding rats and exhibits anxiolytic-like activity in vivo.

L 152804 is a specific antagonist of the neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor and modulates food intake and energy expenditure thus causing weight loss in diet-induced obese mice.

β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion. It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.

Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH), a 19 amino acid cyclic peptide, is largely expressed in the hypothalamus. Melanin Concentrating Hormone is implicated in the control of general arousal and goal-orientated behaviours in mammals, and appears to be a key

Potent neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist (pA2 = 10 and 10.5 at rY1 and hY1, receptors respectively). Also a potent and selective NPY Y4 receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 6.0, 8.6 and 6.1 for rY2, hY4 and rY5 receptors respectively). Suppresses

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).