hypoxia

HIF-2a translation inhibitor is a potent HIF-2α translation inhibitor with IC50=5 μM that inhibits constitutive and hypoxia-induced HIF-2α protein expression. Among them, HIF-2α-IN-4 associates the 5'UTR iron response element with oxygen sensing.

Bisoprolol, a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby with antihypertensive activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

GN44028 (N-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-3-amine) is a hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor of (HIF)-1 (IC50: 14 nM). GN44028 inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transcriptional activity. However, It can not be suppressing HIF-1α mRNA expression, HIF-1α protein accumulation, or HIF-1α/HIF-1β heterodimerization.

Bisoprolol is a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker used for secondary prevention of heart failure, myocardial, angina pectorisinfarction (MI) and mild to moderate hypertension.

Belzutifan (MK-6482) is a potential treatment for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Belzutifan is an orally active and selective HIF-2α inhibitor (IC50: 9 nM). Belzutifan , as a second-generation HIF-2α inhibitor, increases potency and improves pharmacokinetic profile.

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

1,4-DPCA is an inhibitor of prolyl-hydroxylase with an IC50 of 2.4 µM for collagen hydroxylation in human foreskin fibroblasts and 60 μM for factor inhibiting HIF (FIH).

AKB-6899 is an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) and increases the soluble form of the VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1) production from GM-CSF-treated macrophages. AKB-6899 leads to stabilization of HIF-2α which induces sVEGFR-1 production from tumor-associated macrophages and decreases tumor growth.

PT-2385 is a selective inhibitor of HIF-2α with a dissociation constant (Kd) of less than 50 nM (Kd<50 nM).

Oltipraz (RP 35972) is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types.

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is a natural product. Glucosamine is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine has pharmacological effects on cartilage and chondrocytes in osteoarthritis when used externally. Glucosamine regulates sugar metabolism. Glucosamine reduces the activity of glucoskinase in pancreatic islet homogenate.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Albendazole (SKF-62979) is used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins. Chloramphenicol acts primarily on the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and is active against peptidyltransferases, inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

Hydralazine hydrochloride (Apresoline) is the hydrochloride salt of hydralazine, a phthalazine derivative with antihypertensive and potential antineoplastic activities. Hydralazine alters intracellular calcium release and interferes with smooth muscle cell calcium influx, resulting in arterial vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin protein and chelation of trace metals required for smooth muscle contraction, resulting in an increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. In addition to its cardiovascular effects, hydralazine inhibits DNA methyltransferase, which may result in inhibition of DNA methylation in tumor cells.

IOX2 (IOX 2) is a selective inhibitor of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Prolyl-Hydroxylases (PHD); active in cells with the IC50 value of 21 nM for PHD2/ELGN-1 and no inhibition at FIH (20uM).

DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine), an antagonist of the α-ketoglutarate cofactor, is an inhibitor for HIF prolyl hydroxylase.

Glucosamine sulfate (D-Glucosaminesulfate) was extracted from synthetic product;Store the product in sealed, cool and dry condition.

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (Chitosamine hydrochloride) is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies.

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB): a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia mediated vascular leakage in brain.

HIF-2α-IN-2 is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-2α) inhibitor with an IC50 of 16 nM in scintillation proximity assay (SPA).