gut

Gut restricted-7 (GR-7) is a covalent and orally active pan-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitor that reduces gut bacterial BSHs and decreases deconjugated bile acid levels in the feces of mice.

Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v) is a CEA-targeted IL-2 variant immunocytokine for combination cancer immunotherapy with immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities for the study of solid cancers.

Cargutocin is a biochemical.

Timigutuzumab (GEXMab73) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting ErbB2, with potential application in cancer research [1].

Guttiferone G is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5755 and the CAS number is 666174-75-0.

Cergutuzumab is a fully human IgG1 antibody that specifically targets and binds to (CEACAM5). For a reference on its isotype control, please see [HumanIgG1kappa, Isotype Control].

Lonigutamab (hz208F2-4) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) for the study of thyroid eye disease.

BSH-IN-1 is a potent, covalent inhibitor of gut bacterial recombinant bile salt hydrolases (BSHs; IC50s: 108 nM for B. longum BSH and 427 nM for B. theta BSH).

Izencitinib (JNJ-8398) is an orally active and gut-selective JAK inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity for the study of ulcerative colitis and Crohn;s disease.

Doxifluridine (AMC 0101) is a fluoropyrimidine derivative and oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with antitumor activity. Doxifluridine, designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, is converted into 5-FU in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis and subsequent cell division by reducing normal thymidine production and interferes with RNA transcription by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand.

L-Lysine hydrochloride, an essential amino acid for humans, offers numerous benefits including the treatment of herpes, reduction of diabetes-related illnesses, enhanced calcium absorption, and improved gut health.

Uridine triacetate (RG 2133 triacetate) (Tri-O-acetyl uridine), an orally active prodrug of uridine, is efficiently absorbed in the gut and swiftly deacetylated in the circulation to release free uridine. It is utilized in the research of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine toxicity, particularly targeting early-onset cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) complications.

Mebeverine hydrochloride (Colofac Hydrochloride), a β-phenylethylamine derivative, is a potent α1 repector inhibitor, relaxing the muscles in and around the gut.

Carbendazim (Mercarzole) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole antifungal with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action is unclear, carbendazim appears to binds to an unspecified site on tubulin and suppresses microtubule assembly dynamic. This results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 M phase and an induction of apoptosis.

Carbachol (Carbamoylcholine chloride), an analog of acetylcholine, serves as a valuable tool in the investigation of various physiological responses mediated by nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) acetylcholine receptors. These responses include smooth muscle contraction, gut motility, and neuronal signaling. Known for its agonistic properties, Carbachol activates both nAChR and mAChR, with reported Ki values ranging from 10 to 10,000 nM for different receptor types and experimental preparations.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (2-Hydroxy-p-anisic Acid) is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer1 that is produced by the metabolism of 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid. It is generated by unspecified-gutmicro enzyme via a beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid reaction. This beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid occurs in human gut microbiota.

Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins and is found in diverse plant foods, including pomegranates, berries, walnuts, tropical fruits, and medicinal herbs. Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Urolithin B has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Palatinose hydrate (6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-fructose, Isoma) is a disaccharide having an α(1→6) linkage between D-glucose and D-fructose and is similar to sucrose in its physicochemical properties. It is produced from sucrose in some bacteria by the action of sucrose isomerase. In mammalian gut, palatinose is hydrolyzed and absorbed much more slowly than sucrose.

O-Acetylserine (OASS) is an acylated amino acid derivative. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the common amino acid cysteine in bacteria and plants. Its presence in humans arises from either microbial metabolism in the gut or through consumptio

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring functional oligosaccharides, which are composed of 2 to 10 fructose molecules combined with glucose molecules. They are widely found in natural plants such as bananas, onions, garlic, chicory, and honey. As a typical prebiotic, fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but are selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, to promote gut health, support microbial balance.

Produced in the gut microflora as one of the three main metabolites formed from the catechin diet. Its use in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations is increasing. It is also used in the manufacture

Diaminopimelic acid or DAPA is a lysine-like amino acid derivative that is a key component of the bacterial cell wall. DAPA is incorporated or integrated into peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria and is the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein (BLP or Murein Lipoprotein). BLP is found in gram-negative cell walls and is one of the most abundant membrane proteins. BLP is bound at its C-terminal end (a lysine) by a covalent bond to the peptidoglycan layer (specifically to diaminopimelic acid molecules) and is embedded in the outer membrane by its hydrophobic head (a cysteine with lipids attached). BLP tightly links the two layers and provides structural integrity to the bacterial outer membrane. Diaminopimelic acid can be found in human urine or feces due to the lysis or enzymatic breakdown of gram negative gut microbes.

Alphitonin is a flavonoid that has been found in L. leptolepis wood.1 It is also a metabolic intermediate that is formed during the catabolism of quercetin by the human gut bacteria E. ramulus.2,3 |1. Chen, K., Ohmura, W., Doi, S., et al. Termite feeding deterrent from Japanese larch wood. Bioresour. Technol. 95(2), 129-134 (2004).|2. Braune, A., Gütschow, M., Engst, W., et al. Degradation of quercetin and luteolin by Eubacterium ramulus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(12), 5558-55567 (2001).|3. Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Lean, M.E.J., et al. In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 47(8), 1180-1189 (2009).

Urolithin C is a gut metabolite of ellagic acid. Urolithin C induces apoptosis in PC12 cells through a mitochondria-mediated pathway.