epinephrine

D-Epinephrine can be used as a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine can be normally obtained from the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It involves in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the hear

DL-Epinephrine-d6 is a deuterated compound of DL-Epinephrine. DL-Epinephrine has a CAS number of 329-65-7. DL-Epinephrine(DL-Adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

Epinephrine HCl, a compound functioning as a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication, is synthesized by adrenal glands and some neurons. It is essential in the fight-or-flight response, enhancing blood flow to muscles, heart output, pupil dilation, and blood sugar levels through its interaction with alpha and beta receptors. Epinephrine HCl is present in various animals and some unicellular organisms.

DL-Epinephrine-d3 is a deuterated compound of DL-Epinephrine. DL-Epinephrine has a CAS number of 329-65-7. DL-Epinephrine(DL-Adrenaline) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride (DL-lysine) is a high-affinity basic amino acid substrate of amino acid transporter b0 + with a Km value in the range of 100-400 μM.

Norepinephrine (Levophed) can stimulate apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the β-adrenergic pathway. It can up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour cells.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (Levophed) is a direct alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulator.

Norepinephrine bitartrate salt is an adrenergic neurotransmitter.

Norepinephrine hydrochloride (Levarterenol hydrochloride) is a β1 -selective agonist of the adrenergic receptor with EC 50 of 5.37 μM [1].

Aminomenthylnorepinephrine is a partial agonist of the beta-adrenoreceptor that causes irreversible inactivation.

DL-Norepinephrine-d6 is a deuterated compound of DL-Norepinephrine. DL-Norepinephrine has a CAS number of 138-65-8.

Dibutylephrine is a sympathomimetic agent.

Ethylnorepinephrine hydrochloride is a unique bronchodilator.

DL-Norepinephrine-d6 HCl is a deuterated compound of DL-NorepinephrineHCl. DL-NorepinephrineHCl has a CAS number of 55-27-6. DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is a high-affinity basic amino acid substrate of amino acid transporter b0 + with a Km value in the range of 100-400 μM.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279), a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine, binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

Dibenamine hydrochloride is a competitive and irreversible blocker of the β-adrenergic receptor.

Methyldopa hydrate (MK-351 hydrate) is a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor and indirect α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypertension. It inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, decreases production of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and exhibits NO-dependent sedative activity.

Eleclazine hydrochloride (GS 6615 hydrochloride) is a novel inhibitor of late Na+ current (IC50: 0.7 uM).

Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine, and is used to treat open-angle glaucoma.

Nadolol-d9 (Mixture of Diastereomers) is a deuterated compound of Nadolol. Nadolol has a CAS number of 42200-33-9. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and producing negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. This agent exhibits antiarrhythmic activity via the impairment of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction and a corresponding reduction in sinus rate. In the kidney, inhibition of the beta-2 receptor within the juxtaglomerular apparatus results in the inhibition of renin production and a subsequent reduction in angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, thus inhibiting angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction and aldosterone-dependent water retention.

Bethanidine sulfate and its ortho-chloro derivative (BW 392C60) are potent adrenergic neuron blockers exhibiting sympathomimetic effects similar to those of bromobenzamine and guanethidine in various animal models, particularly in cats. These compounds inhibit the release of norepinephrine during neural stimulation and enhance the responsiveness of smooth muscle to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Notably, bethanidine sulfate increases the pressor response to tyramine, although this effect diminishes with higher doses. Unlike guanethidine, bethanidine sulfate does not deplete pressor amines in the iris of cats following administration. Additionally, it temporarily suppresses autonomic cholinergic mechanisms and can cause transient neuromuscular paralysis at large doses, contrasting its long-term adrenergic neuron blocking effects.

Vanilmandelic acid, L-(+)- is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

AMK is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin .1,2,3,4It is formed from melatoninviathe metabolic intermediate AFMK that is then deformylated by catalase or formamidase.5,6AMK scavenges singlet oxygenin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 200 μM.1It inhibits the epinephrine- and arachidonic acid-induced production of prostaglandin E2and PGD2in ovine seminal vesicle microsomes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as well as LPS-induced increases in COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 500 μM.2,3AMK (20 mg kg) decreases MPTP-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria from substantia nigra and striatum in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease.4 1.Schaefer, M., and Hardeland, R.The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavengerJ. Pineal Res.46(1)49-52(2009) 2.Kelly, R.W., Amato, F., and Seamark, R.F.N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.121(1)372-379(1984) 3.Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Tan, D.-X., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin and its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in macrophagesJ. Neuroimmunol.165(1-2)139-149(2005) 4.Tapias, V., Escames, G., López, L.C., et al.Melatonin and its brain metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine prevent mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase induction in parkinsonian miceJ. Neurosci. Res.87(13)3002-3010(2009) 5.Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., et al.Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: A potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin biotransformationFree Radic. Biol. Med.29(11)1177-1185(2000) 6.Hirata, F., Hayaishi, O., Tokuyama, T., et al.In vitro and in vivo formation of two new metabolites of melatoninJ. Biol. Chem.249(4)1311-1313(1974)

Norepinephrine bitartrate is a precursor of epinephrine. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus.