double-stranded

Prexasertib (LY2606368) is an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1) with potential antineoplastic activity.

Calf thymus DNA (DNA from calf thymus, Thymonucleic acid) is a high-quality double-stranded template DNA extracted from the bovine thymus gland, widely used in studying DNA binding anticancer agents and DNA binding agents that regulate DNA structure and function.

2'-Deoxyadenosine (NSC-141848) is the DNA nucleoside A. It pairs with deoxythymidine (T) in double-stranded DNA.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium (Poly(I:C) sodium) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5).

Pyrimidine (Metadiazine)s are heterocyclic, six-membered, nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine, cytidine, and thymidine respectively), or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides, and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Pyrimidines serve essential functions in human metabolism as ribonucleotide bases in RNA (uracil and cytosine), and as deoxyribonucleotide bases in DNA (cytosine and thymine), and are linked by phosphodiester bridges to purine nucleotides in double-stranded DNA, in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Pyrimidine activated sugars are also involved in polysaccharide and phospholipid synthesis, glucuronidation in detoxification processes, glycosylation of proteins and lipids and in the recently identified novel endothelium-derived vasoactive dinucleotides.

Irinotecan (CPT-11), a derivative of camptothecin, is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). Irinotecan has antitumor activity by preventing DNA strand reattachment through binding to the Topo I complex, resulting in double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death.

Benzoquinoquinoxaline (BQQ) is a heterocyclic compound with aminoalkyl side chains containing benzo and quinoline ring structures.BQQ is triple-helix specific stabilizing compounds by preferentially binding to DNA triple junctions and inserting between the bases.Complexes of BQQ with 1,10-phenanthroline are able to bind specifically to and cleave double-stranded DNA at the cleave double-stranded DNA at sites that form triple structures.

Tirapazamine (Win59075) is a potent cytotoxic agent under hypoxic conditions, can induce apoptosis by inducing breaks in single and double-stranded DNA, as well as chromosomal breaks. The compound sensitizes cells to other ionizing radiation and other cytotoxic agents like cisplatin.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and a TLR3 agonist. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induces natural immunity in mammals.

DMNB (6-Nitroveratraldehyde) is DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor with IC50 of 15 μM, an enzyme involved in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair in human cells.

[Tyr3]Octreotate is a long peptide compound containing 8 amino acids and is a functional DOTA chelating agent with covalent bonds. [Tyr3]Octreotate binds to transmembrane receptors of SSR2-active NETs and is actively transported into cells by endocytosis, which may increase the required double-stranded DNA breaks and is a potential drug for tumor treatment.

YO-Pro 1, a cyanine dye consisting of benzoxazole and quinoline rings connected by a linker, is almost nonfluorescent in water, but its fluorescence is greatly enhanced after intercalation in double-stranded DNA, forming the basis of DNA concentration assays. Ex/Em (bound DNA) = 491/509 nm. YO-Pro 1 can be used to identify apoptotic cells.

Tyrocidine complex is a mixture of cyclic decapeptides originally isolated from B. brevis. It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It forms a complex with single- and double-stranded DNA to inhibit RNA synthesis.

Prexasertib dihydrochloride (LY2606368) is an ATP-competitive CHK1 inhibitor (Ki: 0.9 nmol L). in the cell-free assay, its IC50 values are 8 nM and 9 nM for CHK2 and RSK, respectively.

Inclisiran (unconjugated naked) is a double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) that lacks GalNAc conjugation. This compound selectively inhibits the transcription of PCSK-9, making it applicable in the research of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1].

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid potassium (Poly(I:C) potassium), a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog, serves as an agonist for toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5), offering applications in immunotherapy. Its sodium variant enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses when used as a vaccine adjuvant and is instrumental in modifying the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, Poly(I:C) potassium can directly induce apoptosis in cancer cells [1] [2] [3].

Inclisiran (ALN-PCSsc), a double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) compound, serves as the antisense of itself and targets PCSK-9 transcription inhibition. It is employed in the study of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1].

Camsirubicin, also known as GPX-150, MNPR-201, and CNDO1011, is a synthetic non-cardiotoxic analogue of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Anthracycline analogue GPX-150 intercalates DNA and impedes the activity of topoisomerase II, inducing single and double-stranded breaks in DNA; inhibiting DNA replication and or repair, transcription, and protein synthesis; and activating tumor cell apoptosis.

Abetimus (LJP 394 free base), an immunosuppressant composed of four double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotides, can crosslink anti-dsDNA antibodies on B cell surfaces and reduce anti-dsDNA antibody levels, offering research potential for systemic lupus erythematosus [1].

CBP-93872 is a G2 checkpoint inhibitor. CBP-93872 specifically abrogates the DNA double-stranded break (DSB)-induced G2 checkpoint through inhibiting maintenance. CBP-93872 is an inhibitor of maintenance of the DSB-specific G2 checkpoint and thus might be a strong candidate as the basis for a drug that specifically sensitizes p53-mutated cancer cells to DSB-inducing DNA damage therapy.

Topoisomerase II Inhibitor 16 (compound CT3) is a selective, orally bioavailable, and irreversible inhibitor of trypanosomal topoisomerase II, possessing the ability to penetrate the brain and stabilize double-stranded DNA-enzyme cleavage complexes. It shows promise for research into Chagas disease [1].

T7 RNA polymerase, expressed by Escherichia coli from the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase gene, is a highly specific enzyme utilized for in vitro transcription (IVT) of mRNA. This polymerase requires Mg 2+ and selects only DNA templates that contain the T7 promoter sequence, whether single-stranded or double-stranded. It employs NTPs to synthesize RNA that is complementary to the single-stranded DNA following the promoter [1] [2].

Nuclease P1, renowned for its specificity to single-stranded regions within double-stranded nucleic acids, acts as an endonuclease by hydrolyzing nucleic acids into 5'-mononucleotides. Its distinct ability to cleave single-stranded portions makes it a pivotal tool in molecular biology, with widespread applications in both the pharmaceutical and food industries [1].

Amikhellin HCl, an antimitotic drug, is a synthetic water-soluble derivative of khellin, an alkaloid extracted from seeds of Ammi Visnaga. Amikhellin has been used so far mostly as a vasodiator. Amikhellin binds to double-stranded DNA by an intercalation process. It inhibits the DNA-polymerase from murine sarcoma leukemia virus.