damage

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.

Elimusertib (BAY-1895344) is a potent, highly selective, and orally available ATR inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 nM, demonstrating significant anti-tumor efficacy as a monotherapy and strong combination potential with targeted alpha therapy Radium-223 dichloride.

Olanzapine (LY170053) is an atypical antipsychotic that is used currently in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar illness.

Montelukast sodium (MK0476) is an orally available leukotriene receptor antagonist which is widely used for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and has been linked to rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury.

Niraparib (MK-4827) is a PARP inhibitor that selectively targets PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50=3.8 2.1 nM), exhibiting antitumor activity, inhibiting DNA damage repair, and inducing apoptosis.

Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as a selective agonist at insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50values of 2.7 and 860 nM forDrosophilanAChRs and M10 mouse fibroblast cells expressing α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs, respectively.1It is active against aphids, whiteflies, various species of beetle, andLepidopteraspecies when used at concentrations ranging from 48 to 180 g AI hectare.2It has anti-estrogenic activity in a yeast estrogen screen and is toxic to adult female houseflies and mice (LD50s = 0.03 and 28 mg kg, respectively).1,3Formulations containing thiacloprid have been used in the control of insects in agriculture. 1.Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptorsAnnu. Rev. Entomol.48339-364(2003) 2.Elbert, A., Erdelen, C., Kuhnhold, J., et al.Thiacloprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide for foliar applicationProc. Brighton Crop. Prot. Conf. - Pests and Diseases121-26(2000) 3.Westlund, P., and Yargeau, V.Investigation of the presence and endocrine activities of pesticides found in wastewater effluent using yeast-based bioassaysSci. Total Environ.607-608744-751(2017)

Niraparib, also know as MK-4827, is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential antineoplastic activity. MK4827 inhibits PARP activity, enhancing the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promoting genomic instability and apoptosis. The PARP family of proteins detect and repair single strand DNA breaks by the base-excision repair (BER) pathway.

4-P-PDOT (4-phenyl-2- propionamidotetralin) is a potent, selective and affinity Melatonin receptor (MT2) antagonist.

Niraparib hydrochloride (MK-4827 hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential antineoplastic activity. By inhibiting PARP activity, niraparib hydrochloride increases DNA strand breaks, leading to genomic instability and apoptosis. The PARP family of proteins detects and repairs single-strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair (BER) pathway.

Eupalinolide B is a natural product ,and demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against A-549, BGC-823, SMMC-7721, and HL-60 tumour cell lines.

CCT128930 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of Akt2 with IC50 of 6 nM, 28-fold greater selectivity for Akt2 than the closely related PKA kinase.

Niraparib tosylate (MK-4827 (tosylate))(with IC50 of 3.8 nM 2.1 nM) is a selective PARP1 PARP2 inhibitor.

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for patients with invasive breast cancers that overexpress HER2. Trastuzumab has been clinically used to treat HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5, are a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the cell outer membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides are highly immunogenic antigens that can enhance immune responses and can be used to construct inflammatory models.

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Talazoparib (LT-673) is a new-type PARP inhibitor (IC50: 0.58 nM), It similarly binds to PARP1 2 (Kis: 1.2 0.85 nM).

AOH1996 is an orally active ligand for the replicasome component PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), targeting the transcription-replication conflict (TRC). It interferes with the interaction of PCNA with its binding proteins, leading to DNA replication stress and apoptosis. AOH1996 causes proteasome-dependent rpb1 degradation and lethal DNA damage by stabilizing the interaction between PCNA and RNA polymerase II, and acts synergistically with DNA damaging agents to inhibit tumor cell growth.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.Taurocholic acid is cytoprotective, preventing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cholangiocyte damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway.

10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol, which has neuroprotective effects, improves cognitive dysfunction, and can be used to study brain damage.

D-I03 is a selective RAD52 inhibitor with a Kd of 25.8 µM. It specifically inhibits RAD52-dependent single-chain annealing (SSA) and D-loop formation, with IC50 values of 5 µM and 8 µM, respectively. D-I03 also inhibits the growth of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficient cells and prevents the formation of damage-induced RAD52 foci, but does not affect RAD51 foci induced by Cisplatin.