d14:1

C2 Ceramide (d14:1 2:0) is a bioactive sphingolipid that, when administered dietarily at 100 μM, induces lipotoxic cardiomyopathy by increasing diastolic and systolic diameter, reducing fractional shortening, and decreasing the number of normal cardiac contractile events in Drosophila.

Sphingosine (d14:1) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been found in B. mori (silkworm), P. clarkii (crayfish), and A. aurita (jellyfish) extracts. It increases the germination rate of N. rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, with an EC50 value of 10.2 nM. Sphingosine (d14:1) inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro (IC50 = 7.3 mol%) as well as superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in neutrophils and reduces growth of CHO cells (IC50s = 19 and 8 μM, respectively).

LYP-IN-4 (compound D14), a reversible and selective lymphotyrosine phosphatase (LYP) inhibitor (Ki=1.34 μM, IC50=3.52μM), regulates TCR signaling, increases PD-1 PD-L1 expression, and strengthens anti-tumor immunity. It also stimulates T cell activation, impedes M2 macrophage polarization, and suppresses tumor progression in MC38 isogenic mouse models.