chelates

Magnesium glycinate (magnesium 2-aminoacetate) is a supplement that boost magnesium levels in people with a deficiency of the mineral. Magnesium is a vital nutrient for regulating many body processes, including muscle and nerve function, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. This mineral also supports the making of protein, bone, and DNA.

Penicillamine (Artamine), possessing antineoplastic properties, induces apoptosis by a p53-mediated mechanism and inhibits angiogenesis by chelating with copper, a cofactor for angiogenesis. Artamine is a beta dimethyl analog of the amino acid cysteine. As a degradation product of penicillin antibiotics, Artamine chelates with heavy metals and increases their urinary excretion.

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

Trisodium HEDTA (HEDTA-Na3) is a chelating agent that chelates sodium ions and acts as a chelating agent in cosmetic formulations.

Fusaric acid is an orally active multi-target inhibitor capable of inhibiting fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β1/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. It also inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase and reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Fusaric acid activates apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, thereby inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. It chelates divalent metal cations, damages mitochondrial membrane structure, and exerts effects in improving myocardial fibrosis and alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, it is applicable in research on esophageal cancer, liver cancer, and other conditions.

NSS-18 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, with IC50 values of 1.53 μM and 1.51 μM, respectively. It inhibits Aβ self-aggregation and reduces Aβ-induced intracellular ROS production. NSS-18 demonstrates moderate neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and forms chelates with metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Zn²⁺, with the strongest chelation observed with Cu²⁺. This compound is applicable in Alzheimer's disease research.

Piroctone is a potent hydroxypyridone antibacterial agent with significant antifungal activity against various fungi, including the genus Candida. It inhibits the hyphal formation of Candida albicans. Additionally, Piroctone effectively chelates intracellular iron, leading to notable cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. It is utilized in research on antimicrobial activity and neuroblastoma.

Tyrosinase-IN-49 (Compound 12) is a potent mixed-type chalcone tyrosinase inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.19 μM. It demonstrates significant antioxidant potential by effectively scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The compound chelates the dinuclear copper ions at the active site of tyrosinase and reduces Cu2+ to Cu+, thereby decreasing the enzyme's catalytic activity. Tyrosinase-IN-49 has low cytotoxicity towards HEK293 cells and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, it exhibits anti-browning effects, improving food quality and serving as a potential agent in studies related to food preservation.

Tyrosinase-IN-48 (Compound 3) is a potent and competitive chalcone-type inhibitor of tyrosinase, with an IC50 value of 0.49 μM. It exhibits significant antioxidant potential, effectively scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Tyrosinase-IN-48 chelates the dinuclear copper ions at the active center of tyrosinase and reduces Cu2+ to Cu+, thereby diminishing the enzyme's catalytic activity. It demonstrates low cytotoxicity to HEK293 cells and zebrafish embryos. Tyrosinase-IN-48 also possesses anti-browning properties, which can improve food quality and is applicable in studies related to food preservation.

Homocarnosine is a brain-specific dipeptide composed of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter, homocarnosine is synthesized from GABA within neurons and exerts anticonvulsant effects by enhancing GABA receptor signaling pathways. Homocarnosine also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; it scavenges peroxyl radicals, chelates transition metal ions such as copper, prevents oxidative damage to DNA, and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Nocardamine is a ferrioxamine siderophore that has been found inStreptomycesand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It chelates iron in a chrome azurol S assay (IC50= 9.9 μM).1Nocardamine inhibitsM. smegmatisandM. bovisbiofilm formation (MIC = 10 μM for both), an effect that can be reversed by iron.2It is cytotoxic to T47D, SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 cancer cells (IC50s = 6, 18, 12, and 14 μM, respectively).3Nocardamine also induces morphological changes in BM-N4 insect cells.4 1.Lopez, J.A.V., Nogawa, T., Futamura, Y., et al.Nocardamin glucuronide, a new member of the ferrioxamine siderophores isolated from the ascamycin-producing strain Streptomyces sp. 80H647J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)72(12)991-995(2019) 2.Ishida, S., Arai, M., Niikawa, H., et al.Inhibitory effect of cyclic trihydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine E, on the biofilm formation of Mycobacterium speciesBiol. Pharm. Bull.34(6)917-920(2011) 3.Kalinovskaya, N.I., Romaneko, L.A., Irisawa, T., et al.Marine isolate Citricoccus sp. KMM 3890 as a source of a cyclic siderophore nocardamine with antitumor activityMicrobiol. Res.166(8)654-661(2011) 4.Matsubara, K., Sakuda, S., Tanaka, M., et al.Morphological changes in insect BM-N4 cells induced by nocardamineBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(10)2049-2051(1998)

p-SCN-Bn-DOTA is a chelator that simultaneously binds radionuclides and links monoclonal antibodies. It is utilized as a tracer for radio-guided surgery and serves in radio-immunoassay studies of tumors.

AChE/BChE-IN-9 (Compound 7a) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 5.74 μM and 14.05 μM against hAChE and eqBChE, respectively. It also demonstrates effective antioxidant activity (IC50 = 57.35 μM), chelates iron, and modulates amyloid β 1-42 aggregation. Notably, AChE-IN-16 can cross the blood-brain barrier [1].

Pulcherriminic acid, a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial compound predominantly found in Bacillus and yeast, exhibits a strong affinity for Fe3+. It chelates iron ions via a non-enzymatic reaction, forming the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin. This pigment competes for iron nutrition, thereby exerting an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid holds significant potential for applications in the food, agriculture, and medical industries [1] [2].

Fmoc-D-Dap(Boc)-OH, an amino acid derivative featuring an Fmoc protecting group, is utilized in the synthesis of bioactive peptide mimetics, including DOTA-modified peptides and their metal chelates, which are noted for their cancer diagnostic capabilities.

Diclofenac-D4 is a deuterated compound of Diclofenac. Diclofenac (T0196) has a CAS number of 15307-86-5. Diclofenac (T0196) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac (T0196) binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

Diclofenac (Standard) is the standard substance of Diclofenac, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

Diclofenac-D4 (Standard) is a reference standard of Diclofenac-D4 intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications. Diclofenac-d4 is a deuterated compound of Diclofenac. Diclofenac has a CAS number of 15307-86-5. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

Nicotianamine, an amino acid that chelates iron, facilitates the absorption of iron from the soil.

Calcium disodium edetate hydrate possesses both metal-chelating and antifungal properties. Calcium disodium edetate hydrate chelates Mn²⁺, causing mitochondrial damage, disrupting carbohydrate metabolic pathways, and inhibiting the production of pyruvate during glycolysis. It inhibits the growth of Penicillium digitatum, delays conidial germination, and enhances the innate defense capabilities of citrus fruits, making it suitable for research into the mechanisms underlying citrus green mold disease.

Zinc oxinate (Zinc 8-hydroxyquinolinate) is a metal chelating agent that stabilizes zinc complexes by forming penta- or hexa-coordinate chelates. It holds potential for research involving the determination of zinc content.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diammonium is an organic compound containing both ammonium and carboxylic acid functional groups. It is commonly employed as a chelating agent in a variety of industrial and medical applications, particularly within the food and pharmaceutical sectors. With strong metal ion binding properties, it chelates trace metals that might affect product quality or stability. Additionally, it serves as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes and functions as a clarifying agent in cosmetics and personal care products.