carcinogenic

1-Hydroxyanthraquinone is an anthraquinone that has been found in Morinda officinalis and has genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone generates strong DNA repair response.

Macrozamin has carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic properties.Macrozamin is a natural product isolated from Cycads.

Hesperidin (Cirantin) is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity.

Daidzin (Daidzoside) is an isoflavone isolated from soya bean with anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities.

Dimethyl phthalate (Fermine) has many uses, including in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants. Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dimethyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported slight effects on growth and on the kidney from chronic oral exposure to the chemical. EPA has classified dimethyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phas

Ethylmalonic acid is potentially toxic, non-carcinogenic, and has been associated with anorexia nervosa and methoxy decarboxylase deficiency.

Aflatoxin (Aflatoxin R0) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin that is derived from aflatoxin B1 through metabolic processes facilitated by Rhizopus spp.

Musk tibetine reveals no genotoxicity in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes and human hepatoma cell lines. Musk tibetene is a nitro musk compound with carcinogenic activity.

2-Amino-5-phenylpyridine is a heterocyclic aromatic amine formed by pyrolysis of phenylalanine in proteins, found in broiled sardines, and is considered potentially carcinogenic.

8-Hydroxyguanine (8 Hydroxyguanine) is the major premutagenic damage produced by reactive oxygen species. It causes G-T and A-C substitutions.8-Hydroxyguanine is a biomarker for RNA oxidation and oxidative DNA damage.8-Hydroxyguanine is mutagenic and carcinogenic and is commonly used in cancer experiments.8-Hydroxyguanine is a biomarker for RNA oxidation and oxidative DNA damage.

Aristolochic acid A is the main component of the plant extract aristolochic acids, primarily found in the herbaceous plants Aristolochia and Asarum. It significantly inhibits the activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB, and downregulates the expression of the bladder cancer-associated BLCAP gene in human cells. It is commonly used to induce nephrotoxicity models.

Cyclochlorotine is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium insularum, which can cause liver injury and has carcinogenic properties.

Aristolochic acid B (Aristolochic Acid II) is a natural product from the Aristolochaceae taxon and is one of the main components of aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is a mutagen and carcinogen, and Aristolochic acid B (Aristolochic Acid II) can show a greater carcinogenic risk in vivo than Aristolochic acid I.

Rutin (Rutoside) trihydrate, a natural flavonoid glycoside, exhibits multifaceted therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Additionally, it has demonstrated cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects [1] [2] [3].

Phorbol 12-tiglate, a derivative of Phorbol, which in turn is a hydrolyzed product of Croton oil, plays a role in tumor promotion through activation of protein kinase C. This compound and its related derivatives are employed in the construction of carcinogenic models for biomedical research [1].

Dimethyl phthalate (Standard) is the standard substance of Dimethyl phthalate, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Dimethyl phthalate (Fermine) has many uses, including in solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants. Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dimethyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported slight effects on growth and on the kidney from chronic oral exposure to the chemical. EPA has classified dimethyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

7-Hydroxyaristolochic acid A is a natural derivative of aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, inhibits APE1 Nrf2 HO-1 axis-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis leading to nephrotoxicity, and induces apoptosis in NRK-52E cells via COX-2 and PGE2.

N-Acetoxy-IQ is a DNA alkylating agent that can covalently bind to DNA, specifically targeting guanine residues. By forming DNA adducts, N-Acetoxy-IQ exerts mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. It is a promising compound for cancer research.

β-Boswellic acid (Beta-boswellic acid) and its derivatives (the major constituents of Boswellin) have anti-carcinogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities.

Aflatoxin G1 is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which is hepatotoxic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic, and is mainly found in contaminated cereals. Aflatoxin G1 inhibits RNA polymerase activity, affects RNA and protein synthesis, and causes damage to the liver and kidney.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide is a potent sweetener (relative sweetness to sucrose: x 941).

3-Epicabraleahydroxylactone has anti-tumor promoting effect, it has anti-carcinogenic activity by the inhibitory effect on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen(EBV-EA) by the tumor promoter.