bilayers

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine) is a phospholipid commonly found in cell membranes, with cholesterol compositions ranging from 0 to 60 mol%.

N-Octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside (octylthioglucoside, OTG) is a mild nonionic detergent characterized by a thioglycosidic linkage that is used for effective cell lysis or to solubilise integral membrane proteins without denaturing their tertiary or quaternary structure; this property is particularly of use in order to crystallise them for structural studies or to reconstitute them into artificial lipid bilayers for functional assays.

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid utilized in liposomes for the study of lipid monolayers and bilayers.

Propoxycaine hydrochloride, an ester local anesthetic, inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, modulates nerve impulses, and can induce sensory loss.Propoxycaine hydrochloride modulates the flow of lipid bilayers in SPMVs.

DOCP (2-((2,3-Bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate) is a lipid characterized by an opposite charge orientation compared to traditional phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, featuring quaternary ammonium near the bilayer interface and phosphate groups projecting into the aqueous environment. This unique structure of iPC lipids presents an excellent opportunity to investigate the biophysical characteristics and biological activities influenced by the reversal of surface charges on bilayers.

(2S)-3-Keto sphinganine (d6:0) ((2S)-3-Keto-C6-dihydrosphingosine) hydrochloride is a lipid compound utilized in the preparation of liposomes. Liposomes, characterized by concentric phospholipid bilayer vesicles, are critical in constructing drug delivery systems for anti-cancer and anti-infection applications. They effectively encapsulate hydrophilic solutes within their aqueous interiors and incorporate lipophilic cargoes into their phospholipid bilayers, making them integral to the bilayer structure. This compound is particularly valuable in delivering antisense oligonucleotides, addressing challenges such as inefficient cellular uptake and rapid loss in the body.

NH2-GG-DSPE is a lipid compound utilized in liposome formulation. Liposomes, having concentric phospholipid bilayer vesicles, are crucial components in constructing drug delivery systems for anti-cancer and anti-infection applications. This compound enables the encapsulation of highly polar water-soluble cargoes within the internal aqueous spaces of liposomes, while lipophilic cargoes can integrate into and become part of the lipid bilayers. NH2-GG-DSPE is particularly effective for delivering antisense oligonucleotides, overcoming challenges such as inefficient cellular uptake and rapid loss in the body.

C16 Ceramide (d16:1,C16:0) is a bioactive sphingolipid that induces the formation and thermal stabilization of ordered phases and gel phases enriched in palmitoyl sphingomyelin domains within palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers. It is found in human erythrocyte sphingomyelin.

Cardiolipin (16:0/18:1/16:0/18:1) (16:0-18:1 Cardiolipin) sodium is an anionic phospholipid composed of long-chain fatty acid palmitic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid. This compound can be utilized in the synthesis of nanodisk lipid bilayers for in situ mass spectrometry applications.

Dioleoyl phosphatidylserine is a lipid under investigation, primarily used to study the assembly and long-term stability of solid-supported lipid bilayers formed from artificial and natural lipid mixtures.

1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycerol ((S)-1,2-Dilaurin) is primarily composed of the interaction of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycerol (1,2-DLG) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers.

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PS (sodium salt)) can be used in lipid mixtures with DOPC and DOPE as effective nontoxic and nonviral DNA vectors. It has been utilized in the formation of unilamellar vesicles to study membrane structure curvature and in supported lipid bilayers to examine the impact of various support materials on lipid redistribution between membrane leaflets.

MitoTEMPO hydrate is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant and superoxide scavenger. It mimics SOD activity to protect against mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertension and neurodegeneration research.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) is a biotinylated phospholipid. It has been used in PEGylated polyamidoamine-dendrimer-conjugated supported lipid bilayers (SLB) to isolate circulating tumor cells and tumor cell microembolis from patient-derived blood by antibody-coated microfluidics. [1] It has also been used as a component of SLBs to detect protein-ligand binding with ortho-conjugated Texas Red DHPE. [2] In addition, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE-N-(cap biotin) has been used in SLBs partitioned into nanowells to create DNA curtains, which can be used as a high-throughput tool for detection of protein-DNA interactions at the single molecule level.[3]

1,3-Dipalmitoleoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol with palmitoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. It selectively inhibits α-glucosidase from S. cerevisiae over rat enzyme (IC50s = 4.45 and 9,326.5 μM, respectively). 1,3-Dipalmitoleoyl-rac-glycerol has been used in the formation of lipid bilayers to study the effects of membrane composition and the ionophore valinomycin on membrane potential.

1,2-Dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DEPC) is a component of phospholipids and liposome membranes, used for liposome preparation and studying lipid bilayers.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-13C-sn-glycero-3-PC is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC by GC- or LC-MS. 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.1,2,3,4 It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.3 Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.4 |1. Ege, C., and Lee, K.Y.C. Insertion of Alzheimer's Aβ40 peptide into lipid monolayers. Biophys. J. 87(3), 1732-1740 (2004).|2. Leekumjorn, S., and Sum, A.K. Molecular simulation study of structural and dynamic properties of mixed DPPC/DPPE bilayers. Biophys. J. 90(11), 3951-3965 (2006).|3. Kalra, V.K., Sikka, S.C., and Sethi, G.S. Transport of amino acids in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-implanted human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 256(11), 5567-5571 (1981).|4. Uemura, A., Watarai, S., Iwasaki, T., et al. Induction of immune responses against glycosphingolipid antigens: Comparison of antibody responses in mice immunized with antigen associated with liposomes prepared from various phospholipids. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(12), 1197-1201 (2005).

Decyl maltose neopentyl glycol (DMNG) has a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and high solubility, and is mainly used for solubilisation and stabilisation of membrane proteins, and is able to mimic the environment of lipid bilayers without disrupting the oligomeric state and natural conformation of proteins.

DPhPC is a synthetic liposome used to synthesize liposomes commonly used in artificial membrane matrices.DPhPC bilayers do not allow ion leakage in the absence of pore/ion channels.DPhPC can be used to study channel proteins and membrane structure.

Pomalidomide 5'-piperazine-4-methylpiperidine dihydrochloride are E3 ligase ligands for PROTAC synthesis. They bind to the CRBN E3 ligase complex to facilitate targeted protein degradation in drug discovery research.

DGDG, a chloroplast lipid pivotal for photosynthesis, forms bilayers and has applications in drug delivery [1].

DSPE-PEG-Folate (Mw 3350), a derivative of PEG with folic acid content, exhibits targeting capability by binding to folate receptors on cancer cells. It forms micelles/lipid bilayers, facilitating its use in targeted drug delivery system research [1] [2] [3].

STC314 is an anti-infective agent that reverses organ damage caused by excessive immune response by neutralizing extracellular histones and neutrophil trapping networks, and can be used in the study of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).STC314 protects the stability of lipid bilayers, and inhibits platelet activation and erythrocyte damage.STC314 is also used in the study of prostate cancer.Nardeterol HCl is a selective kappa agonist with analgesic activity.

DSPE-PEG-Azide (MW 2000) has an amphiphilic structure and can form lipid bilayers/micelles in water. It can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes as targeted drug carriers.