b 23

16β-Hydroperoxyalisol B 23-acetate, a natural product, is isolable from Alisma orientale [1].

(23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25(26)-triene-3β-ol, a cucurbitane triterpenoid, can be isolated from the seeds of Momordica charantia L. [1].

(19R,23E)-5b,19-Epoxy-19-ethoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3b,25-diol, a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, exhibited no activity against five cancer cell lines—MCF-7, HepG2, Du145, Colon205, and HL-60—when evaluated using the MTT assay [1].

1. Alisol B 23-acetate (Alisol B Acetate) produces protective effect against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated regulation of transporters and enzymes. 2. Alisol B 23-acetate produces promotive effect on liver regeneration, due to FXR-mediated regulation of genes involved in hepatocyte proliferation and hepato-protection. 3. Alisol B 23-acetate produces a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, due to FXR and STAT3-mediated gene regulation.

Alisol B 23-acetate (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Alisol B 23-acetate. 1. Alisol B 23-acetate (Alisol B Acetate) produces protective effect against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated regulation of transporters and enzymes. 2. Alisol B 23-acetate produces promotive effect on liver regeneration, due to FXR-mediated regulation of genes involved in hepatocyte proliferation and hepato-protection. 3. Alisol B 23-acetate produces a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, due to FXR and STAT3-mediated gene regulation.

Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.

Nimbolide, a triterpenoid derived from neem leaves and flowers, is a natural product and a CDK4/CDK6/NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits multiple signaling pathways including Wnt and PI3K-Akt, possesses antitumor activity, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of diene isohydroxamic acids, is a specific and reversible histone deacetylase inhibitor (IC50=1.8 nM) that induces hyperacetylation of core histones to regulate chromatin structure.

Nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 derivative, is an inhibitor of SIRT1 (IC50=50-180 μM) and SIRT2 (IC50=2 μM). Nicotinamide can be used as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+, which can be supplemented by dietary intake and can prevent or treat melanoglossia and pellagra.

Capsaicin is an active natural component found in chili peppers and acts as a TRPV1 agonist (EC50 = 0.29 μM). It possesses multiple activities, including pain relief, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as some neurotoxicity. Capsaicin can be used to establish itch models.

Lovastatin (MK-803) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (IC50=3.4 nM). Lovastatin lowers cholesterol and is commonly used as a lipid-lowering agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Sodium butanoate (Sodium Butyrate) is the sodium salt of butyrate with potential antineoplastic activity. Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid, competitively binds to the zinc sites of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs).

Genistein (NPI 031L) is a naturally occurring soy isoflavone, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Genistein has antitumor, antioxidant, and anthelmintic properties, and also produces estrogen-like effects in the body.

(-)-Epicatechin (Epicatechin) belongs to natural products and is a COX-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 3.2 μM) with cell permeability. By blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, this compound inhibits IL-1β-induced iNOS expression and possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Costunolide (Costus lactone) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and mediates apoptosis.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a small molecule compound, is a proposed Y preventive agent.

Gamithromycin (ML-1709460) is a macrolide compound with antibacterial activity.

Bryonamide B is a cucurbitane triterpene that can be extracted from Bryonia aspera.

Nigericin is a polyether antibiotic with potent antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticoronaviral and anticancer activities. It is capable of promoting cellular potassium efflux, inducing Caspase-1/GSDMD and Caspase-3-mediated cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer, and inducing apoptosis in PEL (primary exudative lymphoma) cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and Wnt/β-catenin signaling downregulation.

Osajin is an isoflavonoid natural product isolated from the fruits of Maclura pomifera. It belongs to flavonoid derivatives, and studies have reported that it exhibits multiple biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Timosaponin AIII (Timosaponin A3) induces autophagy in HeLa cells followed by apoptotic cell death (IC50: 10 μM). The Timosaponin AIII cellular response is mediated via inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of ER stress (IC50: 2.5 μM, BT474 cells; 6 μM, MDAMB231). The Timosaponin AIII pro-apoptotic response is selective for tumor cells over normal cells but autophagy is induced in both.

Bongkrekic acid (ammonium salt) is a natural product, a mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) inhibitor that induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation through signaling pathways such as p38 and ERK, and is used for research on mitochondrial function and immune response.