anti-apoptotic

Emricasan (IDN-6556) is a pan-caspase inhibitor with irreversible properties. Emricasan has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity and can be used in the treatment of infections and liver failure, etc. Emricasan also inhibits Zika virus infections.

Dexamethasone acetate (NSC 39471) is the acetate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones.

(E)-Ferulic acid ((E)-Coniferic acid) causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin.t(E)-Ferulic acid exert both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Crocin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-asthma, anti-cancer, and hypolipidemic effects.

Amygdalin (Laetrile) has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.

L-Sophoridine (Matridin-15-one) , a natural product obtained from medicinal plants, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-Y effects, and selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human Y cells in vitro and in vivo; however, its mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated.

Sulindac (Sulindac sulfoxide) is a sulfinylindene derivative prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Converted in vivo to an active metabolite, sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), an enzyme that inhibits the normal apoptosis signal pathway; this inhibition permits the apoptotic signal pathway to proceed unopposed, resulting in apoptotic cell death.

3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) is a monomer found in *Securidaca inappendiculata* Hassk. It exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway.

1. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) reatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs, it also can potentiate the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. 3. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. 4. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) is an uncompetitive inhibitor of murine tyrosinase (K(I) 0.28mm), it strongly inhibits both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in vitro in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells or in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models.

Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.

TV 3279 is a novel ChE-MAI inhibitor , and the neuroprotective properties depend on their ability to induce the anti-apoptotic proteins PKC, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and SOD, and to block the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells.

(S)-Enitociclib (VIP152) is a selective CDK9 inhibitor that induces complete regression of MYC+ lymphomas by inhibiting RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival proteins.

OsMundacetone (4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) is a natual product isolated from Rhizoma osmundae.

ALK ROS1 inhibitor 2e HCL possesses anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-tumour activities.

PAF (C16) is a potent MAPK and MEK ERK activator that induces increased vascular permeability. PAF (C16) (PAF (C16)) is a platelet-activating factor, a phospholipid-derived mediator and a ligand for PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). PAF (C16) has shown anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, inhibiting Caspase-dependent apoptosis by interacting with its receptor (PAF-R) to perform cell signaling.

(S)-Thalidomide ((S)-(-)-Thalidomide) is the S-isomer of Thalidomide with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic activities, used in studying leprosy erythema nodosum and myeloma.

SU11652 is a potent cell-permeable pyrrole-indolinone compound. SU11652 acts as an ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase receptor and angiogenic inhibitor with greater selectivity for PDGFR-β (PDGFRβ, IC50 = 3 nM), Flk-1 (VEGFR2, IC50 = 27 nM), FGFR1 (IC50= 170

HLY78 (4-Ethyl-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]phenanthridine) targets the DIX domain of Axin, is an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and can enhance Axin-LRP6 binding to promote Wnt signaling.

K145 hydrochloride is a selective sphk2 inhibitor with substrate competitiveness and oral activity, with IC50 of 4.3 µM and Ki of 6.4 µM. K145 hydrochloride can induce apoptosis and has strong antitumor activity.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Rosmanol has antioxidant activity, it can activate the antioxidant response element. Rosmanol has biphasic modulation of GABAA receptors, demonstrates CNS activity in mouse models of antinociception, antidepressant and anxiolysis. Rosmanol potently induce

Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db/db mice. It exhibits protective effects against diabetic renal damage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative s

1. Oroxylin A (Baicalein 6-methyl ether) has various anti-tumor effects including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, drug-resistant reversion. 2. Oroxylin A possesses abilities of inhibiting the ATRA-induced IL-6 production via modulation of LAP/LIP/CHOP in leukemia cell lines, which could providing a therapeutic strategy for RAS. 3. Oroxylin A inhibits UCP2s triggers the MPTP opening, and promotes the apoptosis in CaCo-2 cells; uncoupling protein 2 plays a key role in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. 4. Oroxylin A inhibits N1ICD translocating to the nucleus and binding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Snail, thus suppressing the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells. 5. Oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells by increasing apoptosis in leukemic cells and decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, and probably served as a most promising agent for CML treatment.

1. Ilexsaponin A (Ilexsaponin A1) shows protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury through anti-apoptotic pathway.

NU6140 is a selective inhibitor of CDK2-cyclin A (IC50, 0.41 μM). It shows 10- to 36-fold selectivity over other CDKs. NU6140 also effectively inhibits Aurora A and Aurora B (IC50s: 67 and 35 nM, respectively). It also enhances the apoptotic effect and has anti-cancer activity.

Levomenol ((-)-α-BISABOLOL) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, with exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

BU 224 hydrochloride is a selective imidazoline I(2) binding site ligand and has antinociceptive and antidepressant-like activities.

Sulindac-d3 is a deuterated compound of Sulindac. Sulindac has a CAS number of 38194-50-2. Sulindac is a sulfinylindene derivative prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Converted in vivo to an active metabolite, sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), an enzyme that inhibits the normal apoptosis signal pathway; this inhibition permits the apoptotic signal pathway to proceed unopposed, resulting in apoptotic cell death.

The compound, tumor-targeted pro-apoptotic peptide (CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2), functions as an anti-tumor agent by disrupting mitochondrial membranes to induce apoptosis, demonstrating anticancer efficacy in mice [1].

MeOIstPyrd is an anti-skin cancer agent that inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation by activating the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. It induces DNA damage, activates p53, increases its half-life, and stabilizes p53 via ser15 phosphorylation. Additionally, MeOIstPyrd interfaces with MDM2 within the p53 sub-pocket, preventing the p53-MDM2 interaction [1].

CTL-12, a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor (IC50: 2.5 μM), induces apoptosis and disrupts the cell cycle at the Sub-G1/S phase. It upregulates caspase-9 and the apoptosis marker Bax, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-xL. By inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, CTL-12 thwarts tumor cells' metabolic requirements and is frequently employed in breast and colorectal cancer studies [1].

Gynosaponin TN-2, demonstrating anti-Parkinsonian activity, mitigates L-DOPA (100 and 200 μM)-induced apoptotic cell death in pheochromocytoma 12 cells through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation.

Nanatinostat, also known as Tractinostat, CHR-3996 and VRx-3996, is an orally bioavailable, second-generation hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with potential antineoplastic activity. HDAC inhibitor CHR-3996 inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes; these events may result in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This agent may upregulate HSP70 and downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins more substantially than some first-generation HDAC inhibitors. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins.

Pomolic acid has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activities, it can induce apoptosis in SK-OV-3 cells, which is mediated by the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic and death receptor-induced extrinsic pathways.

Tetrac (Tetraiodothyroacetic acid) is a derivative of L-thyroxine (T4), a thyroxine integrin receptor antagonist.Tetrac induces antiproliferation by blocking EGFR-mediated cell signaling in colorectal cancer cells.Tetrac blocks the effects of T4 and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) on the cell-surface thyroxine integrin αvβ3 receptors.Tetra has anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor activity and pro-apoptotic activity.

Atiprimod is an orally bioavailable small molecule belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic agents with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic properties. Atiprimod inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), blocking the signalling pathways of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis.

(R)-FTY-720 Vinylphosphonate is a sphingosine 1-phosphate type 1 (S1P1) receptor agonist and lacks anti-apoptotic activity.

Linearol is a diterpene found in Sideritis L. spp. (Lamiaceae) with a broad range of demonstrated properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Sophoflavescenol is a mixed inhibitor of PDE5 with a K(i) value of 0.005 microM. Sophoflavescenol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects , these effects might contribute to the antitumor activity without severe side effects. Sophoflaves

Anti-melanoma agent 1 (Compound 5m) is an apoptotic inducer in melanoma cells.

Camellianin A is a flavonoid series of compounds derived from A. nitida and tea that exhibits anticancer activity, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and promotes apoptosis in Hep G2 and MCF-7 cells.Camellianin A prevents CCl4-induced liver injury by exerting anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

SH-5, an AKT inhibitor potentiates apoptosis and inhibits invasion through the suppression of anti-apoptotic, proliferative and metastatic gene products regulated by IκBα kinase activation.

DuP-697 is an irreversible and specific inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 values of 10 nM and 800 nM for human COX-2 and COX-1. DuP-697 shows antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 42.8 nM. DuP-697 exhibits antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and apoptotic effects.

Eupatorin has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. Eupatorin has antiproliferative and cytostatic effects on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells due to CYP1-mediated metabolism. Eupatorin-induced cell death is mediated by both the extrinsic and

Regiolone demonstrates phytotoxicity. Regiolone also has anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities, it can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through the caspase-3 independent pathway.

FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse), a cysteine-rich secretory protein, is primarily expressed in macrophages, bronchial epithelial, and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) during allergic airway inflammation. It also demonstrates an anti-apoptotic effect on lung fibroblasts, suggesting its potential utility in allergic pneumonia research [1] [2].

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic , neuroprotective activity. And tenuifoliside A has anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

ChoKα Inhibitor-4 is a bioisosteric agent that effectively inhibits human choline kinase α1 (HChoK α1) with an IC50 of 0.66 μM. It demonstrates both inhibitory and antiproliferative effects on cancer cells, induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, and diminishes the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins [1].

Thalidomide 5-fluoride (H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-5-fluoro-) is a thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand that binds to the IRAK4 protein ligand via a linker to form PROTACIRAK4 degrader-1.

Thalidomide 4-fluoride (E3 ligase Ligand 4) (Cereblon ligand 4) is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand. Thalidomide 4-fluoride can be used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide 4-fluoride (Cereblon ligand 4) can be connected to the ligand for IRAK4 protein by a linker to form PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-1.

Sulindac (sodium) (MK-231) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Sulindac (sodium) is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. Sulindac is also used for the research of arthritis of the spine, gouty arthritis. Sulindac (sodium), as an immunomodulatory agent, can downregulate PD-L1 through the blockade of NF-κB signaling and modulates the response of pMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, inhibits the development and progression of colorectal cancer CRC. Sulindac (sodium) also inhibits TGF-β1- induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppresses lung cancer cell migration and invasion via downregulation of SIRT1 [1] [2].

(R)-Thalidomide is the R-enantiomer of Thalidomide, has sedative properties.

Thalidomide (Thalomid) is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid (alpha-phthalimido-glutarimide) with teratogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties.