analgesic

EC5026 (BPN-19186) has the potential to relieve pain by stabilizing natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory mediators.

Cinchophen (Cinconal), an analgesic drug, is utilized in treating gout.

Loxoprofen (Koloxo) is an anti-inflammatory non-steroidal medicine.

Antipyrine (Phenazone), an antipyretic and analgesic, has been given as ear drops and by mouth. Antipyrine is frequently used to test the effects of other diseases or drugs on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver.

Choline chloride (Biocoline) is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anaesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Clastoban) inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.

Flupirtine maleate (Katadolon maleate), a centrally acting non-opioid analgesia, is the salt form of Flupirtine. It is an NMDA receptor antagonist , and also a specific neuronal potassium channel opener.

Levobupivacaine hydrochloride ((S)-(-)-Bupivacaine monohydrochloride) is a reversible neuronal sodium channel inhibitor and the pure S(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine, used as a long-acting local anesthetic.

URB-597 (FAAH Inhibitor II) is an effective, orally bioavailable FAAH inhibitor (IC50: 4.6 nM), and no effect on other cannabinoid-related targets.

Zaltoprofen (Soleton) is a Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of arthritis.

Linalyl Acetate is a natural product

CAY10404 (3-(4-METHYLSULPHONYLPHENYL)-4-PHENYL-5-T) is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of COX-2 and COX-1. It is also a potent inhibitor of PKB/Akt and MAPK signalling pathways and induces apoptosis in NSC-LC cells, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.

4-Methylamino antipyrine, an active metabolite of Metamizole, a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits COX, possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak anti-inflammatory properties.

Tribenoside (BG-356) is a vasoprotectant with mild anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing properties.

MDR-652 is a highly specific and efficacious agonist of nonpungent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), with Ki values of 11.4 nM and 23.8 nM for hTRPV1 and rTRPV1, respectively, and EC50s of 5.05 nM and 93 nM for hTRPV1 and rTRPV1, respectively. MDR-652 is a potent topical analgesic.

Gaultherin has analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities.Gaultherin lacks gastric ulcerogenic effect, because of it released salicylate in intestine slowly, not in stomach and it left the cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected, which was the source of cytoprotecti

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

Sivopixant (S-600918) (S-600918) is a potent and selective antagonist of P2X3 receptor (P2X3 IC 50 =4.2 nM; P2X2/3 IC 50 =1100 nM). Sivopixant shows strong analgesic effect .

Nicotredole (Tryptamide) (Tryptamide) is an orally active analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Nicotredole exhibits evident anti-inflammatory effects of potency comparable with Phenylbutazone. Nicotredole has only weak ulcerogenic activity.

1. Kirenol (Kirel) has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-arthritic activities. 2. Kirenol is effective against gram-positive bacteria. 3. Kirenol possesses antitumor action on human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells in vitro. 4. Kirenol is capable of promoting osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. 5. Kirenol treatment reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of CII-specific lymphocytes in vitro.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (Ademetionine) is an intermediate metabolite of methionine,for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and major depressive disorder.

Opiranserin (VVZ-149) hydrochloride is a dual antagonist of glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2) and serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A), with IC50s of 0.86 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It shows antagonistic activity on rP2X3 (IC50=0.87 μM). It is development as an injectable agent for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Gossypin has antidiabetic, antioxdiant, anticonvulsant, anti-allergic, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities; it inhibits the NF-kappaB activation pathway, which may explain its role in the suppression of inflammation,