alr 2

ALR2-IN-1 is a potent and selective ALR2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.42 μM. ALR2-IN-1 possesses both antiglycemic and antioxidant activities and can be used to study the complications of diabetes.

ALR2-IN-6 (compound 9) is a potent competitive inhibitor of ALR2, with a Ki value of 0.064 μM. It is applicable in research related to neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy.

ALR2-IN-7 (Compound 5a) is a potent and selective inhibitor of alditol reductase (ALR2/AKR1B1) with a Ki of 8.71 nM. It holds potential for research into diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy, as well as cancer.

ALR2-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 with an IC50 of 21.8 nM, demonstrating excellent antioxidant activity with an EC50 of 2.8 μM in DPPH free radical scavenging. It directly interacts with reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), blocking free radical chain reactions, and acts as an endogenous enzyme antioxidant regulator to modulate catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme functions. By influencing the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, ALR2-IN-9 inhibits excessive mitochondrial superoxide production induced by hyperglycemia in vitro and ameliorates oxidative stress induced by CuSO4 and H2O2 in vivo models. The compound also extends the lifespan of *Caenorhabditis elegans* by regulating stress response genes such as PMK-1 and shows potential as an anti-aging candidate. ALR2-IN-9 can be utilized in diabetes complication research.

ALR2-IN-8 is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (ALR2/AKR1B1) with a KI value of 7.34 nM. It exhibits very low toxicity in normal cells and has a relatively weak direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. ALR2-IN-8 is applicable in research related to diabetes and inflammation-associated diseases.

ALR2-IN-10 (Compound 23) is a weak inhibitor of aldose reductase 2 (Aldose Reductase2), showing an inhibition rate of 6% at a concentration of 27 μM. It is applicable in research related to diabetic complications.

ALR2-IN-2, a potent aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, exhibits IC50 values of 27 nM for rat ALR2 and 228 nM for ALR1, respectively. This compound is utilized in the research of diabetic complications.

ALR2-IN-2, a potent aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, demonstrates IC50 values of 22 nM for rat ALR2 and 116 nM for ALR1, respectively. This compound is utilized in diabetic complications research.

Ponalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor.

ALR2-IN-5 (Compound 10a), an ALR2 inhibitor, demonstrates a potent IC 50 of 99.29 nM and exhibits hypoglycemic effects. This compound is useful in diabetes research.

ALR1/2-IN-1 (Compound 6e) is an aldehyde reductase (ALR1) inhibitor (IC50: 3.26 μM) and aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor (IC50: 3.06 μM) with anticancer effects.

IDD388 is a selective and potent aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor with antitumor activity that inhibits the ALR1 receptor.

Pyrroxamycin is a new antibiotic. Pyrroxamycin was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. S46506. Pyrroxamycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and dermatophytes.

ALR-27 serves as an antagonist of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activating protein FLAP and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. It effectively inhibits 5-LOX product formation (>80%) in pro-inflammatory M1-MDM without significantly inhibiting 5-LOX directly. Additionally, ALR-27 decreases prostaglandin and leukotriene (LT) production in neutrophils and enhances the production of specialized prolytic mediators in certain human macrophage phenotypes [1].

CYM2503 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GAL2 receptor that potentiates galanin-induced IP1 production in vitro. It has no affinity for the orthosteric galanin binding site of the receptor (as measured by its inability to displace iodinated galanin, or to induce IP1 accumulation on its own).