adrenomedullin , rat

Adrenomedullin (rat), a potent vasodilator peptide, is secreted by both endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) [1].

Adrenomedullin 11-50 rat is a peptide fragment of adrenomedullin that possesses systemic vasodilator activity at the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide-1 (CGRP1) receptor activation. Adrenomedullin and its peptide may be used in bone growth studies.

Adrenomedullin (1-50), rat, is a 50 amino acid peptide that induces selective arterial vasodilation via activation of the CGRP1 receptor. This peptide hormone is expressed in rat adrenal glands, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen, as well as in the duodenum and submandibular glands.

Adrenomedullin (22-52) is a C-terminal fragment of adrenomedullin (1-52) . In vitro, adrenomedullin (22-52) reduces basal corticosterone production in a mixture of rat adrenocortical and adrenomedulllary cells. It also reverses increases in ACTH-stimulated corticosterone production induced by adrenomedullin (1-52). Adrenomedulin (22-52) (0.5 and 5 μg/kg/min) has no effect on basal regional cerebral blood flow but reverses increases in regional cerebral blood flow induced by rat adrenomedullin in rats. Unlike adrenomedullin (1-52), adrenomedullin (22-52) has no effect on mesenteric arterial perfusion pressure in cats.

Adrenomedullin (13-52) is a truncated form of adrenomedullin (1-52) . It induces nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of and inhibits release of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 from isolated rat aorta. In vivo, adrenomedullin (13-52) decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner. Adrenomedullin (13-52) (10-3,000 ng per animal) reverses increases in lobar arterial pressure induced by U-46619 in a dose-dependent manner in cats but has no effect on basal lobar arterial pressure or systemic arterial pressure. It also potentiates inflammatory edema and neutrophil accumulation in rats.

Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium level and inhibits bone resorption. It belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which also includes amylin , calcitonin gene-related peptide , and adrenomedullin. The binding of salmon calcitonin to the human calcitonin receptor (CTR) is not modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), which influence affinity of human calcitonin to CTR. Salmon calcitonin binds to human CTR2 with IC50 values of 0.933, 0.224, 0.134, and 0.317 nM alone and with RAMP1, 2, or 3, respectively. It induces cAMP accumulation in COS-7 cells transfected with CTR2 (EC50 = 0.166 nM). Salmon calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts in a pit formation assay using rat bone slices (ID50 = 0.003 pg/mL) and lowers calcium level in vivo in a bioassay of hypocalcemia in rats (ED15 = 33.9 mg/kg). Formulations containing salmon calcitonin have been used to treat hypercalcemia, bone destruction by osteoporosis, and Paget's disease.

Adrenomedullin (16-31), human TFA, a fragment containing amino acid residues 16-31 of human adrenomedullin (hADM), demonstrates significant CGRP1 receptor affinity and exhibits pressor activity in the rat systemic vascular bed while lacking this effect in cats [1].

Adrenomedullin (porcine) is a vasodilatory peptide that elicits endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aorta at an IC50 of 2.4 nM and also induces endothelium-independent relaxation in porcine coronary arteries, with an IC50 of 27.6 nM [1].

Pro-Adrenomedullin (N-20), rat is a polypeptide molecule with the sequence ARLDTSSQFRKKWNKWALSR-NH2.