5a-cholesta-7,24-dien-3b-ol

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

Stigmasterol (Stigmasterin) is a phytosterol with major functions in the maintenance of cell membrane structure and physiology. Stigmasterol lowers cholesterol levels and has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

L-Serine (serine) is a non-essential amino acid in humans, L-Serine is present and functionally important in many proteins.L-Serine is also found at the active site of the serine protease enzyme class that includes trypsin and chymotrypsin.

1. 2-Methoxycinnamic acid (o-Methoxycinnamic acid) can enhance inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

L-Uridine is the enantiomer of D-uridine, a nucleoside that acts as a phosphate acceptor for nucleoside phosphotransferase, in the normal RNA component of a normal RNA isolated from Polyporaceae fungus Poria cocos (Schw.) L-Uridine has potential antiviral activity.

L-Leucine ((S)-Leucine) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans (provided by food), L-Leucine is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. L-Leucine contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels; growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue; growth hormone production; and wound healing. L-Leucine also prevents breakdown of muscle proteins after trauma or severe stress and may be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria. L-Leucine is available in many foods and deficiency is rare.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

1. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamic Aldehyde) has antipyretic activity. 2. Cinnamaldehyde is a sedative agent. 3. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a. 4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects. 5. Cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drugmetabolizing genes. 6. Cinnamaldehyde plays a certain role in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of melanoma and its action mechanism may be manifested by inhibiting expression of VEGF and HIF-α, thus blood vessel simulation and formation of new blood vessels of melanoma cells, and growth of tumors accordingly.

Cinnamyl acetate (3-Phenylallyl acetate) is a naturally occuring compound used as a flavouring agent.

Cinnamyl alcohol (Styryl Carbinol) readily autoxidizes upon air exposure, and forms strong sensitizers as determined by the local lymph node assay.

DL-Methionine (Acimetion) is an amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks that our bodies use to make proteins. DL-Methionine is found in meat, fish, and dairy products. It plays an important role in the many functions within the body.

(E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon found in Phlomis aurea Decne, serving as the primary component of many aphid alarm pheromones that disrupt feeding. It also impairs the development and survival of Chilo suppressalis larvae by disrupting their hormone balance.

Rhoifolin (Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside) is extracted from Turpinia arguya Seem dried leaves.

Fraxin (Fraxoside) is a glucoside of fraxetin.

1. Kuwanon G (Moracenin B) as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as insulin sensitizers, it may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for Type II diabetes mellitus. 2. Kuwanon G has anti-inflammatory activity, it can attenuate atherosclerosis through inhibiting foam cell formation and inflammatory response. 3. Kuwanon G is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B. 4. Kuwanon G shows acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) inhibitory activities, it may be a promising candidate for preventive and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. 5. Kuwanon G prevents the pathological progression of allergic asthma through the inhibition of lung destruction by inflammation and immune stimulation. 6. Kuwanon G has antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. 7. Kuwanon G is a specific antagonist for the GRP-preferring receptor and can be useful for studying the physiological and pathological role of GRP.

1. Apigenin 7-glucoside (Cosmosiin) is a anti-HIV agent. 2. Cosmosiin may be beneficial for diabetic complications through their enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and GLUT4 translocation.

1. Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. 2. Isoquercetin may be as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. 3. Isoquercetin is an inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin and may be as a potential novel anti-tumoral agent, such as against human pancreati,liver cancer related to opioid receptors and to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. .

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

Fenchone (AI3-00736) is a plant-derived monoterpene with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, antidiarrheal, antifungal, anti-injurious, and bronchodilator activities and is used in the study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C).

Rosavin (Rosavidin) has antidepressant and anxiolytic actions, helps balance all the neurotransmitters.

Kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Kaempferol-7-O-D-glucopyranoside), a novel supercoolant, could be used for sub-zero, non-freezing preservation of rat hearts.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is a structural analog of GHB, a naturally occurring substance found in the central nervous system, and a nootropic.

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (Kaempferol 3-O-beta-sophoroside) has antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-snake venom, anti-fertility effects and oral activity. It is able to inhibit rheumatoid arthritis by down-regulating inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2, VEGF, granzyme B) and is cytotoxic to Hep-3B and A549 cells.