Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red fluorescent dye utilized for cell staining and is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometer analysis. In aqueous solution, the Ex/Em of PI is 493/636 nm. Upon binding with nucleic acid, the Ex/Em shifts to 535/617 nm, enhancing the fluorescence signal 20-30 times.

5-ROX (5-Carboxy-X-rhodamine), a rhodamine dye, exhibits strong fluorescence in aqueous buffer with an excitation wavelength (λexit) of 580 nm (ε = 3.6×10^4/(M·cm)) and an emission wavelength (λemit) of 604 nm (ϕ = 0.94).

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) is a red fluorescent dye.

2-Di-1-ASP is a mono-stryryl dye and widely used as mitochondrial stain and groove-binding fluorescent probes for double-stranded DNA. It has selective for G-quadruplex (G4) and double-stranded DNA.

Dihydrofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldihydrofluorescein) is a fluorescent probe for measuring oxidative stress in cell-free systems and cellular models.

5(6)-ROX (5(6)-Carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a nucleic acid fluorescent label and rhodamine dye with Ex/Em=570/595 nm. It serves as a correction dye for real-time quantitative PCR and is widely applied in DNA sequencing and fluorescent labelling.

BODIPY-581/591 NHS ester, a vivid red fluorescent dye (excitation: 581 nm; emission: 591 nm), is noted for its hydrophobic qualities ideal for labeling lipids, membranes, and other lipophilic substances [1].

BDP 581/591 amine hydrochloride, a BODIPY dye linker, is a universal, photostable fluorophore. The amine group addition enables the compound to react with carboxylic acids, activated NHS esters, and other carbonyl groups [1].

BDP TR ceramide is a dye molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of BDP TR ceramide is 571186-05-5.

Cyamine3.5 NHS ester is a squaraine dye utilized in the development of fluorescent probes and biological labeling, characterized by its intermediate wavelength fluorescence emission properties. Specially designed for reactions with amino groups to form stable covalent bonds, it is ideal for labeling biomolecules. Ex/Em(nm)=591/604.

Rhodamine 19 perchlorate is a metal-free organic dye utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells.

BDP 581/591 maleimide, a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye, has a long fluorescence lifetime and is used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group reacts with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 and 7.5, enabling the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.

BDP 581/591 NHS ester, a borondipyrromethene dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm), exhibits a relatively long fluorescence lifetime and significant two-photon excitation cross-section. This compound is applicable in fluorescence polarization analysis, interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to modify fluorescence, and, as an NHS ester derivative, binds to the primary and secondary amine groups of proteins, peptides, and various molecules. Storage instructions highlight the importance of protecting it from light.

AF 594 azide (triethylamine) is the azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, characterized by a high fluorescence quantum yield and remarkable photostability (maximum excitation wavelength at 594 nm, maximum emission wavelength at 615 nm). It reacts with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctynes) through the azide group to form stable adducts.

3,3-Dibutylthiacarbocyanine iodide, a fluorescent dye, exhibits an excitation wavelength of 559 nm and an emission wavelength of 604 nm [1].

TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a xanthene red fluorophore and click chemistry reagent designed for labeling carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by coupling its hydrazide group to the target carbonyl and incorporating the fluorescent TAMRA label via reactions with terminal alkynes [1].

BDP 581/591 alkyne, a moderately hydrophobic borondipyrromethene fluorophore, is designed for specialized applications requiring specific fluorescent properties.

FM 2-10, a fluorescent dye and a less hydrophobic version of FM 1-43, is used for identifying actively firing neurons and investigating the mechanisms of activity-dependent vesicle cycling [1].

TAMRA-probe 1 is a fluorescent probe for labeling.

ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY conjugated with Glibenclamide, displaying high selectivity for the endoplasmic reticulum. At low concentrations, it remains non-toxic to cells and serves as an environmentally sensitive probe that retains some fluorescence after formaldehyde treatment. It is characterized by its high fluorescence lifetime and strong extinction coefficient. Glibenclamide acts as an ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and a CFTR Cl- channel blocker, binding within the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining fixed cells. Ex/Em = 587/615 nm.

Uniblue A sodium serves as a reactive protein stain for covalent pre-gel staining (Ex=594 nM) [1].

4-Di-10-ASP, a fluorescent lipophilic tracer (Excitation 485 nm; Emission 620 nm), specifically stains phospholipid membranes [1] [2].

4-Di-2-ASP, a styryl pyridinium fluorescent dye, serves as an essential mitochondrial marker. It effectively and specifically labels pulmonary NEBs (neuroepithelial bodies) [1].

Ethidium monoazide bromide, a fluorescent dye that intercalates with DNA, selectively penetrates bacteria possessing compromised membranes. Upon photoactivation, it forms covalent bonds with DNA, enabling it to exclusively stain dead cells [1].