Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Phenylethyl Caffeate) (CAPE) inhibits the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and may suppress p70S6K and Akt-driven signaling pathways, with antineoplastic, cytoprotective and immunomodulating activities. CAPE is the phenethyl alcohol ester of caffeic acid and a bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. In addition, CAPE inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Cinnamyl cinnamate (Phenylallyl cinnamate) is a natural product that is present in dipterocarpus and poplar. Cinnamyl cinnamate is the fragrance that can be extracted from Suhe balsam and white Peru balsam.

1. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamic Aldehyde) has antipyretic activity. 2. Cinnamaldehyde is a sedative agent. 3. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a. 4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects. 5. Cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drugmetabolizing genes. 6. Cinnamaldehyde plays a certain role in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of melanoma and its action mechanism may be manifested by inhibiting expression of VEGF and HIF-α, thus blood vessel simulation and formation of new blood vessels of melanoma cells, and growth of tumors accordingly.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

Cinnamic acid (β-Phenylacrylic acid) has potential use in cancer intervention,The concentration causing a 50% reduction of cell proliferation (IC50) ranged from 1 to 4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells.

Cinnamyl alcohol (Styryl Carbinol) readily autoxidizes upon air exposure, and forms strong sensitizers as determined by the local lymph node assay.

Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside, a flavonoid isolated from C. alata leaves, exhibits antidiabetic activity and α-glucosidase inhibition, demonstrating a carbohydrate enzyme inhibitory effect (IC50: 50 μM).

Trans-2,3,4-Trimethoxycinnamic acid, a natural derivative of cinnamic acid, competitively inhibits the binding of 3-oxo-C8-HSL to TraR and exhibits good antitoxic activity and antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli.

Benzyl cinnamate (Benzylcinnamoate) is a natural product isolated from various plant species,with anti-inflammatory activity.

p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (NSC-59260) can inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.

(E)-m-Coumaric acid [3-Hydroxycinnamic acid] is a natural product isolated from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, exhibiting antioxidant activity.

Camphor (2-Camphanone) is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.

4-Methoxycinnamic acid is an unusual phenylpropanoid involved in phenylphenalenone biosynthesis in Anigozanthos preissi.

4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde (p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is an active ingredient of Agastache rugosa.4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde has cytoprotective activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines, and helps to control disease induced by RSV infection, with an IC50 of approximately 0.055 μg/mL. The IC50 was about 0.055 μg/mL.

1. Biotransformation of glucoAurantio-obtusin towards Aurantio-obtusin increased the toxicity of irinotecan through increased inhibition of SN-38 glucuronidation. 2. Aurantio-obtusin, stimulated chemotactic migration of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells in a conc

(+)-Camphor (D-Camphor) is the oil extracted from the wood of the Camphor tree Cinnamomum Camphora with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

2-methoxycinnamaldehyde is a natural compound of Cinnamomum cassia,has been widely studied with regard to its antitumor activity.

1. trans-Cinnamaldehyde (Phenylacrolein) exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats as a COX-2 inhibitor. 2. Cinnamic aldehyde induces apoptosis of CML cells in vitro, down-regulation of the expression and function of BCR-ABL may be one of its most important anti-leukemia mechanisms. 3. Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic acid are cardioprotective in a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury, the mechanism is related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methyl cinnamate, a tyrosinase inhibitor and a flavoring compound, has antimicrobial, antiadipogenic, vasorelaxant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Cinnamyl acetate (3-Phenylallyl acetate) is a naturally occuring compound used as a flavouring agent.

Ethyl cinnamate has antifungal, and vasorelaxant effects. Ethyl cinnamate can lead to the damage of cell membrane system and metabolic disorder through inducing lipid peroxidation via initiating ROS overproduction. Ethyl cinnamate can inhibit the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM.

4-Methylcinnamic acid is a cinnamic acid analog that can be used as an intervention catalyst to overcome antifungal tolerance. 4-Methylcinnamic acid can improve the potency of cell wall-disrupting agents.

(-)-CAMPHOR (L-Camphor) also known by its common name as (-)-Camphor is a chiral intermediate of camphor and is used as a flavour additive in foods and sweetners.

3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylsinapic acid) (TMCA) is one of the constituents of Polygalae Radix and may exert anti-seizure activity by acting at the GABAA/BZ receptor complex.