Sulforaphane is a natural isothiocyanate that activates Nrf2 and inhibits AMPK-dependent signaling. Sulforaphane has antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing the transcription of tumor suppressor proteins and inhibiting histone deacetylase activity.

Campesterol ((24R)-5-Ergosten-3β-ol) is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

Isorhamnetin 7-O-glucoside has antioxidant activity, it showed the peroxynitrite and DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 values of 2.07 /- 0.17 and 13.3 microM, respectively.

Brassicasterol may be a relevant additional biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD).