supplements

Nicotinamide riboside increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Ferrous Bisglycinate (Bisglycine iron(II) salt) is used in the fortification of infant formulations and foods.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride, also known as NR and SRT647, is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+.

Levomefolic Acid (5-MTHF) is a natural, active form of folic acid used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine among other functions. Levomefolinic acid is used as a treatment and to prevent Folate Deficiency

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Pantethine (Pantomin) (Bis-pantethine) is a dimeric form of vitamin B5. Pantethine is less stable than pantothenic acid and tends to decompose over time if it is not kept refrigerated, so most vitamin B5 supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate. It is available as a dietary supplement and is used to treat acne and improve the blood-cholesterol profile.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) is a ubiquitous methyl donor involved in a wide variety of biological reactions, including those mediated by DNA and protein methyltransferases [1]. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) is a stable salt of SAM that is included in nutritional supplements for oral use [2]. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) reportedly ameliorates depression, pain associated with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia, and liver toxicity [3].

L-Threonic acid Calcium Salt is an anti-osteoporotic that stimulates ascorbic acid absorption and is commonly used in calcium supplements.

Levomefolate calcium, an artificial form of folate, is a coenzymated form of folic acid that offers a more bioavailable alternative in dietary supplements.

4-Methylpentan-2-amine hydrochloride is classified as an aliphatic amine and acts as a stimulant. It has been identified in dietary supplements.

Creatine ethyl ester (CEE) is a readily available form of creatine commonly used in supplements. It can upregulate TLRs (TLR2, 3, 4, and TLR7) over a short period.

Thioquinapiperifil is a type of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor found in dietary supplements.

Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in Korean pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oils, which exhibit lipid-lowering properties. In transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1, a diet containing maritime pine seed oil (MPSO) reduced high-density lipoprotein and ApoA1 levels and diminished cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine seed oil supplements may aid in reducing obesity by decreasing appetite, as evidenced by increased levels of satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and reduced desire to eat. Pinolenic acid, which is not metabolically converted to arachidonic acid, can lower arachidonic acid levels in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. The neutral, more lipophilic form of pinolenic acid is pinolenic acid ethyl ester.

Uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) is a ribonucleotide.1It is formedviadecarboxylation of orotidine-5'-monophosphate (5'-OMP) by OMP decarboxylase. UMP is further phosphorylated by UMP-CMP kinase to form UDP and UTP during nucleic acid biosynthesis. Formulations containing UMP have been used as dietary supplements. 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Nucleotide BiosynthesisBiochemistry(2002)

Palmitoleic acid is a common constituent of the triglycerides of human adipose tissue. Palmitoleic acid-based diets raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diminish high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, even when dietary intake of cholesterol is maintained at a low level. Palmitelaidic acid is the trans isomer of the 16:1 fatty acid palmitoleic acid. While its effects on cholesterol levels are poorly studied, palmitelaidic acid can have very different effects from those of palmitoleic acid on lipid metabolism and mobilization. Palmitelaidic acid methyl ester is an ester version of the free acid which may be more amenable for the formulation of fatty acid-containing diets and dietary supplements.

15(S)-HETE methyl ester is a synthetic derivative of 15(S)-HETE , a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. Methyl esters of lipids are commonly used in formulations of nutritional supplements.

Epifriedelanol (Epifriedelinol) suppresses adriamycin-induced cellular senescence, replicative senescence in human fibroblasts (HDFs) and HUVECs. Because of Epifriedelanol can reduce cellular senescence in human primary cells, it may be used to develop dietary supplements or cosmetics that modulate tissue aging or aging-associated diseases.

D-α-Aminocyclohexylacetic acid is a Glycine derivative. Amino acids and amino acid derivatives have been commercially used as ergogenic supplements.

L-Threonic acid Calcium Salt is an anti-osteoporotic that stimulates ascorbic acid absorption and is commonly used in calcium supplements.

All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA ethyl ester) is a derivative of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), an omega-3 fatty acid prevalent in fish oils. This ethyl ester form is commonly included in dietary supplements formulations to enhance omega-3 fatty acid intake.

Trimagnesium dicitrate nonahydrate (Magnesium citrate tribasic nonahydrate) is an orally active magnesium citrate nonahydrate. It is employed as a stabilizer and anti-caking agent in solid and chewable forms of dietary supplements.

Gibberllin A7 (Gibberllin 7) is important plant growth hormones that promote plant cell growth and elongation. Gebberillins promote rapid stem and root growth, induce mitotic division and initiate (break dormancy) and increase seed germination rates. The gibberellins are also involved in processes such as gravitropism, tensioning and floral display.Gibberellin A3 (G1025, G7645) and A4 (G7276) may be used as supplements to plant growth media such as Murashige and Skoog media. The specific actions of A3 and A4 or combinations of Gebberellins should be determined in specific plant applications.

Beta-Sitosterol (Standard) is a ubiquitous phytosterol structurally related to cholesterol that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and found in high concentrations in vegetable oils, nuts, and legumes where it serves as a key functional ingredient for the formulation of dietary supplements and functional foods designed to modulate lipid metabolism through the competitive inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption across various preclinical experimental models.