singlet

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) is a fluorescent probe. It possesses a highly specific reactivity towards singlet oxygen forming an endoperoxide which decomposes to give 1,2-dibenzoylbenzene. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran can detect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride salt and hydrate form of TMB. It is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye used as a chromogenic agent in horseradish peroxidase-based assay systems. This compound also serves as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce a blue oxidized product. Additionally, TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Palladium meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PdTFPP) is a phosphorescent dye derived from palladium(II). It serves as an effective singlet oxygen sensitizer due to its fluorine content, offering excellent photo-stability and antioxidant properties.

Thio-acridone is an atomic photosensitizer (HAF-PSs) that, when excited by visible light at 470 nm, forms a long-lived triplet state, ultimately generating singlet oxygen to disrupt the structure and function of target cells (e.g., cancer cells). Thio-acridone shows potential for use in cancer research.

TPP-Ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by the ester linkage of chlorin e6 (Ce6) with triphenylphosphine (TPP). Upon light exposure, TPP-Ce6 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen, which induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (cellular apoptosis). This compound is useful for research on mitochondrial roles in apoptosis, energy metabolism, and cancer treatment.