sepsis

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is a natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, offering protection against cardiac hypertrophy.

Torbafylline, a xanthine derivative, is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor that attenuates burn-induced protein hydrolysis in rat skeletal muscle through activation of the PDE4 cAMP EPAC PI3K Akt pathway, and inhibits the enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent protein hydrolysis in skeletal muscle of cancer- and sepsis-prone rats.

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Precedex) is a potent, selective, orally active α2-adrenoceptor agonist with a Ki value of 1.08 nM. It shows 1620-fold selectivity over α1-adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Precedex) can protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Fosfomycin calcium (Phosphomycin calcium salt) is a blood-brain barrier penetrating, broad-spectrum antibiotic by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

Docetaxel trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) is an antineoplastic agent that has a unique mechanism of action as an inhibitor of cellular mitosis and that currently plays a central role in the therapy of many solid tumor including breast and lung cancer. Therapy with docetaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and rarely to instances of acute hepatic necrosis generally due to severe hypersensitivity reactions or sepsis.

Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride (Pilofrin) mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict.

Fosfomycin sodium is a bactericidal, low-molecular weight, broad-spectrum antibiotic, with putative activity against several bacteria, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

Cl-amidine hydrochloride is an orally available PAD inhibitor that blocks histone 3 deimination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and improves survival in septic mice. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells and induces miR-16 to cause cell cycle arrest.

1. Atractylenolide-I has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 production; ameliorates sepsis syndrome, liver and kidney functions by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS. 2. Atractylenolide-I significantly sensitizes the res

Ceftriaxone Sodium is a broad-spectrum β-lactam tertiary cephalosporin antibiotic with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities.Ceftriaxone Sodium is a covalent GSK3β and Aurora B inhibitor used in the study of sepsis and infective endocarditis.

Norvancomycin hydrochloride (Desmethyl-vancomycin hydrochloride) is used as a treatment for endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, or soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus.

MitoTEMPOL is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that prevents septal dysfunction by reversing sepsis-induced decreases in mitochondrial function, activation of protein hydrolysis pathways, and reductions in myosin heavy chain content, as well as eliminating cytokine-induced increases in muscle cell superoxide production and decreases in cell size.

The impact of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signaling might be prominent in lupus because (i) Syk is a shared downstream signaling molecule among circulating immune complex, LPS, and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), and (ii) all of these factors are detectable in the serum of Fc gamma receptor IIb-deficient (FcgRIIb- -) mice with sepsis. Syk inhibition downregulated several inflammatory pathways in FcgRIIb- - macrophages activated with BG + LPS suggesting the potential anti-inflammatory impact of Syk inhibitors in lupus. Indeed, administration of a Syk inhibitor prior to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis in FcgRIIb- - mice reduced baseline lupus-induced proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated sepsis severity as evaluated by mortality, organ injury, serum LPS, and post-sepsis serum cytokines.

CAP18 (rabbit) is a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide derived from rabbit granulocytes, exhibiting extensive antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive [IC50, 130-200 nM] and Gram-negative bacteria [IC50, 20-100 nM]. CAP18 (rabbit) holds promise for the study and advancement of bacterial sepsis research.

Z19153 is a PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 110 nM for PDE4B1 and 1160 nM for PDE4D7. It exhibits significant hepatoprotective effects in cases of hepatic sepsis.

CV122 is a potent inhibitor of heparanase (heparanase), exhibiting an IC50 of 2.97 µM. This compound inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be utilized in sepsis research.

Isoegomaketone (IK), an essential oil component in P. frutescens, displays anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. It has been demonstrated to alleviate inflammatory response and oxidative stress in sepsis-induced ALI, positioning it as a potential therapeutic agent for managing sepsis-associated ALI.

Lexipafant is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist which inhibits the binding of PAF to its receptor, thereby reducing inflammation and associated tissue injury. [Reduce organ damage, mitigate sepsis].

HMGB1-IN-1 (compound 6) exhibits potent inhibition of NO production in RAW264.7 cells, with an IC50 of 15.9 ± 0.6 μM, and effectively disrupts the HMGB1 NF-κB NLRP3 signaling pathway, demonstrating promising anti-inflammatory and anti-sepsis properties, particularly in the context of renal injury [1].

PDE4-IN-9 (Compound 5j) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.4 μM against PDE4 in vitro enzyme assays, which is lower than the 2.0 μM of parent rolipram, and demonstrates good in vivo activity in LPS-induced animal models of asthma COPD and sepsis [1].

AMPR-22, an antimicrobial peptide, binds to bacterial membranes to induce permeabilization and has demonstrated efficacy in a murine sepsis model induced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains [1].

ALPK1-IN-3,serves as an ALPK1 inhibitor that dampens proinflammatory gene expression in the kidney and enhances survival in animal models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury [1].

Pagibaximab, a chimeric IgG1 antibody, targets the lipoteichoic acid on the surfaces of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, and is utilized for the prevention of staphylococcal sepsis [1].