neural

Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Glufosinate ammonium is a phosphinic acid analog of glutamic acid and an herbicide with neurotoxic activity. It is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin).

NB001 (HTS 09836) is an adenyl cyclase 1 inhibitor that affects both neural and non-neural pain.

GW 833972A is a selective CB2 receptor agonist that inhibits induced neural depolarization and citric acid-induced cough in an animal model.

TC-2216 is a partial agonist at the neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is used to treat anxiety and depression.

Diclofenac Potassium (CGP-45840B) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is a vitamin B9 that is essential for the synthesis of DNA RNA and for the production and maintenance of new cells. Folic acid deficiency can lead to anemia, neural tube closure defects, tumors, aging, and other diseases.

Hyaluronic acid sodium (Sodium Hyaluronate) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi, and can be very large, with its molecular weight often reaching the millions. One of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and may also be involved in the progression of some malignant tumors.

Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Increasing evidence supports a role for an elevation of homocysteine in schizophr

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

methyl isoeugenol (MIE) is a natural food flavour that constitutes 93.7% of an essential oil from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus leaf. The leaf extracts of this species are used as a calming agent. As a ubiquitous food additive, the application of MIE for tre

Sucralose is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener and sugar substitute that stimulates appetite in rodents by activating a conserved neural fasting response.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Diclofenac Diethylamine, a non-selective COX inhibitor, is utilized as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

(-)-GSK598809 hydrochloride is the isomer of GSK598809. GSK598809 is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3), which is a neural response that selectively enhances reward anticipation in drug and alcohol dependence during monetary policy and may repair reward deficits in substance dependence.

W36017 is an impurity of lidocaine with a pKa of 7.4 for blocking neural activity.

CKI-7 is a potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase 1 (CK1; IC50: 6 μM; Ki: 8.5 μM) and a selective Cdc7 kinase inhibitor. It also inhibits SGK, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1), and MSK1.

SCR-4026 is an inhibitor of the nNOS-PSD-95 interaction with neuroprotective activities. SCR-4026 also promotes neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons-like cells.

Bethanidine sulfate and its ortho-chloro derivative (BW 392C60) are potent adrenergic neuron blockers exhibiting sympathomimetic effects similar to those of bromobenzamine and guanethidine in various animal models, particularly in cats. These compounds inhibit the release of norepinephrine during neural stimulation and enhance the responsiveness of smooth muscle to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Notably, bethanidine sulfate increases the pressor response to tyramine, although this effect diminishes with higher doses. Unlike guanethidine, bethanidine sulfate does not deplete pressor amines in the iris of cats following administration. Additionally, it temporarily suppresses autonomic cholinergic mechanisms and can cause transient neuromuscular paralysis at large doses, contrasting its long-term adrenergic neuron blocking effects.

OX-201 is a selective agonist for OX2R with an EC50 of 8 nM. Pathological proteins produced by neurons are released into the interstitial fluid (ISF) in a neural activity-dependent manner and subsequently cleared from the brain via lymphatic pathways. The efflux of these proteins to the ISF correlates with the wakeful state of neurons. OX-201 can induce neuronal awakening and enhance the release of tau into the hippocampal ISF. While it does not alter hippocampal tau levels, OX-201 has potential applications in Alzheimers disease (AD) related to sleep wake cycle disturbances.

Solasodine hydrochloride (90 μM; 2 days) treatment induced significant budding in P19 cells. This compound strongly stimulated the expression of various neuronal markers, including βIII-tubulin, synaptophysin, MAP2, ChAT, and the neural progenitor marker doublecortin. Predominantly, Solasodine hydrochloride directed the differentiation of P19 cells towards neuronal pathways.

CG500354 plays a tumor suppressive role through the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and is a novel inducer of neural differentiation and growth arrest in primary HUMAN GBM derived cells.

C3a Receptor Agonist (C3a receptor agonist 1) binds the G protein-coupled C3a receptors (C3aRs) in the immune system complement pathway. Activation of C3aR prevents neutrophils from being mobilized in a model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. C3aRs are expressed on neural progenitor cells and immature neurons in adult mice. C3a stimulates differentiation of neural progenitor cells in vitro.