neural

Diclofenac (Diclofenacum) is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity. Diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.

Diclofenac Diethylamine, a non-selective COX inhibitor, is utilized as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Glufosinate ammonium is a phosphinic acid analog of glutamic acid and an herbicide with neurotoxic activity. It is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin).

Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Diclofenac Potassium (CGP-45840B) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

GPI-1485 (GM1485) (GM1485) is a nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, promoting neurofunctional improvement and neural regeneration following stroke.

NB001 (HTS 09836) is an adenyl cyclase 1 inhibitor that affects both neural and non-neural pain.

GW 833972A is a selective CB2 receptor agonist that inhibits induced neural depolarization and citric acid-induced cough in an animal model.

TC-2216 is a partial agonist at the neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is used to treat anxiety and depression.

Folic acid is an orally active essential nutrient involved in the synthesis of DNA/RNA and the production and maintenance of new cells. It exhibits antidepressant-like effects and can reduce the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. Folate deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, macrocytic anemia, neural tube closure defects, tumors, and aging-related diseases. Folic acid is also commonly used in research on folate deficiency-related conditions and to induce acute kidney injury models.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

Sucralose is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener and sugar substitute that stimulates appetite in rodents by activating a conserved neural fasting response.

Hyaluronic acid sodium (Sodium Hyaluronate) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi, and can be very large, with its molecular weight often reaching the millions. One of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and may also be involved in the progression of some malignant tumors.

methyl isoeugenol (MIE) is a natural food flavour that constitutes 93.7% of an essential oil from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus leaf. The leaf extracts of this species are used as a calming agent. As a ubiquitous food additive, the application of MIE for tre

CKI-7 is a potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of casein kinase 1 (CK1; IC50: 6 μM; Ki: 8.5 μM) and a selective Cdc7 kinase inhibitor. It also inhibits SGK, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1), and MSK1.

Galactose is a monosaccharide and hexose sugar widely present in most living cells, primarily absorbed into the bloodstream via SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters and metabolised through the Leloir pathway. It inhibits alglucerase activity in monkey kidney CoS-1 cells, is a key component of cellular glycosylation, and plays a crucial role in neonatal neural development.

K-252a is a protein kinase inhibitor targeting serine-threonine, tyrosine, and CAM kinases. In vitro, it blocks NGF-induced TrkA signalling and neural differentiation, exhibiting antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.

Neurodazine is a neural inducer that promotes the differentiation of pluripotent cells into neuronal cells.Neurodazine promotes differentiation by activating Wnt and Shh signaling.

Neuropathiazol causes neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells.

Monoglyceridelipase is a crucial enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, catalyzing the hydrolysis of monoglycerides (especially 2-AG, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol) into glycerol and free fatty acids. By regulating the levels of 2-AG, this enzyme impacts neural signaling, pain perception, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes.

Compound 3, known as 5-LOX MAOs-IN-1, acts as an inhibitor of 5-LOX MAOs and is an effective free radical scavenger, displaying antioxidant characteristics. It has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in cell models damaged by oxidative stress and is capable of activating the neurogenesis microenvironment in adult mouse neural stem cells. This compound is utilized in research focused on neurodegenerative diseases.

(8R)-8-Hydroxyepoxyboetirane A is a neuroactivating compound that interacts with PKCδ-C1B. This compound binds into the PKC enzyme pocket through hydrogen bonds with glycine-253, leucine-251, and threonine-242. It induces the release of NRG1 and promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. (8R)-8-Hydroxyepoxyboetirane A holds potential for research into nervous system disorders.

1,9-Dimethylxanthine acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, inhibiting the effects of adenosine on the central nervous system, thereby enhancing neural excitability. Utilized as a pharmacological tool in research, it aids in investigating physiological and pathological processes associated with adenosine.