mucus

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is an arachidonate lipid mediator that regulates leukocyte recruitment and function at sites of inflammation.Leukotriene C4 is a mediator of bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and eosinophilia, and has a mediating role in urticaria.

Eucalyptol, a natural monoterpenoid and cyclic ether found in eucalyptus species, effectively controls excessive airway mucus secretion and asthma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It serves as an efficacious treatment for non-purulent sinusitis, reducing inflammation and pain when applied topically, and demonstrating leukemic cell-killing capabilities in vitro.

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine) functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

L-Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin Sulfate) is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.