mitochondrial function

Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008 hydrochloride) is an oral hypoglycemic agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, increases mitochondrial DNA, and improves mitochondrial function.

INT-767 is a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) TGR5 dual agonist that prevents NASH and promotes visceral adipose brown lipogenesis and mitochondrial function for the study of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Rosolutamide (ALZ-003) is a curcumin analog, an orally active Nrf1 and Nrf2 activator.Rosolutamide modulates oxidative homeostasis, improves mitochondrial function and promotes autophagy, reduces mutant protein aggregation, and decreases intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.Rosolutamide has been used in the study of neurodegeneration such as spinal cerebellar ataxia and Huntington disease. neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. Regulates oxidative homeostasis.

Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an orally available antidiabetic compound that enhances mitochondrial function, enhances insulin secretion, promotes β-cell proliferation and improves pancreatic β-cell survival in mice.

Ammonium chloride, for molecular biology, is utilized in the study of molecular biology and serves as a zwitterionic compound to adjust pH levels. It can induce intracellular alkalization and metabolic acidosis, thereby affecting enzyme activity and influencing biological system processes. Additionally, ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor and a lysosomal inhibitor.

1-Nonanol (Nonan-1-ol) is a fragrance with antifungal activity that acts by disrupting cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function.

BMS-199264 hydrochloride is the salt form of BMS-199264.BMS-199264 is a potent and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP hydrolase with an IC50=0.5 μM.BMS-199264 is able to inhibit the decline of ATP during myocardial ischemia, reduce myocardial necrosis, and enhance the recovery of myocardial contractile function after reperfusion.

Decylubiquinone (DUb) is a coenzyme Q10 analog with anticancer activity, inhibiting breast cancer growth and metastasis, enhancing mitochondrial function in synaptosomes, and inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis.

DX3-235 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor with nanomolar-level inhibitory effects on mitochondrial complex I function in galactose-containing media, resulting in reduced ATP production, leading to impaired cellular energy metabolism and cancer cytotoxicity.

MitoTEMPOL is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that prevents septal dysfunction by reversing sepsis-induced decreases in mitochondrial function, activation of protein hydrolysis pathways, and reductions in myosin heavy chain content, as well as eliminating cytokine-induced increases in muscle cell superoxide production and decreases in cell size.

Naphthazarin (5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is effective by various cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), depolymerization of microtubules, interference with lysosomal function and p53-dependent p21 activation. It triggers apoptosis and has anti-tumor effects

MTP 131 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidant.1,2It localizes to the mitochondria and reducestert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 nM.1MTP 131 (2 mg kg) reduces infarct volume, hemispheric swelling, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).2It increases survival, improves motor function, and decreases degeneration of the lumbar spinal cord in a superoxide dismutase 1 mutant (SOD1G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when administered at a dose of 5 mg kg. MTP 131 reduces albuminuria, urinary hydrogen peroxide levels, and mesangial matrix accumulation, as well as preserves superoxide production, in adb dbmouse model of diabetic nephropathy.3 1.Zhao, K., Luo, G., Giannelli, S., et al.Mitochondria-targeted peptide prevents mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in neuronal cell linesBiochem. Pharmacol.70(12)1796-1806(2005) 2.Szeto, H.H.Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: Novel neuroprotective agentsAAPS J.8(3)E521-E531(2006) 3.Miyamoto, S., Zhang, G., Hall, D., et al.Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db db mice against progression of diabetic kidney diseaseJ. Biol. Chem.295(21)7249-7260(2020)

Dabuzalgron (Ro 115-1240), an orally active selective alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonist, is used to treat urinary incontinence and prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by maintaining mitochondrial function.

ICA-105665 (PF-04895162) is a potent and orally active opener of neuronal Kv7.2 7.3 and Kv7.3 7.5 potassium channels. ICA-105665 had low cytotoxic potential in human hepatocytes but inhibited liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export protein (BSEP) transport (IC50 of 311 μM). ICA-105665 can penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and has antiseizure effects [1][2][3][4].

NPC26 is a small molecule that disrupts mitochondrial function and exhibits antitumor activity. It shows significant antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on CRC cell lines (HCT-116, DLD-1, and HT-29). NPC26 induces mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers cell death. Additionally, NPC26 kills CRC cells by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.

BMS-191095 hydrochloride is a mitochondrial KATP channel opener. It offers cardioprotective benefits without causing vasodilation or impacting electrophysiology. Its protective mechanisms include prolonging myocardial contraction during ischemia, enhancing contractile function post-reperfusion, and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

ROS-ERS inducer 2 (Complex 3f) promotes the generation of intracellular ROS, affects mitochondrial function, facilitates the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). It plays a significant role in anti-hepatocellular carcinoma research.

CM-728 is an oxazanonaphthoquinone that exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. It acts as a human peroxidase-1 inhibitor and serves as a source of oxidative stress affecting mitochondrial function.

SID 24785302 is an inhibitor of hexokinase, which can suppress glycolysis, regulate mitochondrial function, and ultimately inhibit the replication of mutant mitochondrial DNA.

Topo I II-IN-2 (Compound 3g) is an inhibitor of both Topo I and Topo II. It exhibits inhibitory activity against NCI-H446 and NCI-H1048 cells with IC50 values of 1.30 μM and 1.42 μM, respectively. Topo I II-IN-2 induces mitochondrial apoptosis, disrupts mitochondrial function, and stimulates activity generation. Additionally, it inhibits the PI3K Akt mTOR pathway, effectively preventing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells in vitro.

THX6 is an activator of human mitochondrial protease ClpP, with an EC50 of 1.18 μM. It displays cytotoxicity in ONC201-resistant SU-DIPG-VI cells, with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. THX6 inhibits the expression of mitochondria-related proteins (such as parkin, TFAM, NRF1, SDHA), leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Additionally, THX6 affects cell membrane lipid metabolism and exhibits antitumor potential.

GW8510 is a CDK2 (cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 2) inhibitor and RRM2 (Ribonucleotide Reductase Regulatory Subunit M2) inhibitor that affects DNA synthesis and antiproliferation in tumor cells. In mammalian aging models, GW851 improves cognition and prolongs lifespan, which may be related to the modulation of the expression of cell cycle-related protein p21 and CDK family genes, as well as the improvement of mitochondrial function.

DRX-065 is a stabilized and deuterated R-enantiomer of pioglitazone. DRX-065 has pharmacological properties desirable for the treatment of NASH (mitochondrial function modulation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory effects, and glucose lowering effects) with

NS004 is a large-conductance K+ channel opener, it inhibits mitochondrial function in glioma cells.