metabolite

Clozapine N-oxide is the major metabolite of Clozapine and is blood-brain barrier permeable. Clozapine N-oxide is an agonist of DREADDs and activates the DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide is also a dopamine antagonist and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.

(R)-Lisofylline ((R)-Lisophylline) is an inhibitor of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (IC50 = 0.6 µM) that interrupts IL-12 signaling-mediated STAT4 activation, making it useful for studies on the treatment of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune disorders.

Paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone)(Invega) is used as an atypical antipsychotic. It applies to the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. Chemically, paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older atypical antipsychotic risperidone.

Inosine (NSC-20262), an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by the catabolism of adenosine, is an agonist of adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.

1-Aminohydantoin hydrochloride is a significant metabolite of furantoin in animal tissues. It binds covalently to tissue proteins, is released under slightly acidic conditions, and can be detected by derivatization with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde forming a nitrophenyl derivative of AHD. It is used in assays to determine veterinary drug residues in meat and milk.

Rabeprazole Sulfide (Rabeprazole Related Compound E) is an antiulcer drug in the class of proton pump inhibitors.

Etonogestrel (Implanon) is a steroidal progestin used as hormonal contraceptives.

Usnic Acid (Usniacin) is an antimicrobial, antitumor and enzyme inhibiting agent shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mouse-liver mitochondria. Usnic acid induces necrosis in certain cells.

N-acetyl Sulfamethoxazole is a metabolite of sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic with antiviral activity, that can be detected in urine.

Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole-based compound with antibacterial and anticoccidial activity. It was once widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections in poultry, cattle, swine and farmed fish until suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. Hydroxy dimetridazole is a metabolite of dimetridazole that may be useful for identifying this nitroimidazole in various agricultural samples through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and other methods.

D-Threonine (H-D-Thr-OH) is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Butanoic acid is an endogenous human metabolite, an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The IC50 of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC1 were 2.4 mM, 4.5 mM and 5.3 mM, respectively. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has the effects of energy metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and improvement of insulin resistance.

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

L-Tartaric acid ((2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid) occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. L-Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.

Phthalic acid (1,2-Benzenedioic acid) is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. It is a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Desfesoterodine (5-HMT) is a new muscarinic receptor antagonist with Kb of 0.84 nM.

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid (m-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid) is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid.it inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone osteoclastic resorptive activity.

3,3-Dimethylglutaric acid (3,3-Dimethylpentanedioate) is a compound found in human urine.

o-Toluic acid, also 2-methylbenzoic acid, is an aromatic carboxylic acid. It is a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Minoxidil sulfate (U-58838) is the active metabolite required to exert the vasodilatory and hair growing effects of minoxidil.

D-Histidine is an enantiomer of L-histidine. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport and also an essential amino acid for infants.

L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate) is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), taurine and glutathione. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

p,p'-DDE (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) is a metabolite and degradation product of the organochlorine pesticide DDT

Phthalic Acid Monobenzyl Ester is a urinary metabolite after exposure to phthalates (e.g., diethylhexyl phthalate) and has estrogenic properties.